多孔淀粉可用作食品和制药工业中生物活性物质的吸附剂和包封剂。通过使用适当的改性方法(化学,物理,酶,或混合),可以在淀粉颗粒的表面上产生孔而不干扰其完整性。本文旨在分析获得天然玉米多孔结构的可能性,马铃薯,和豌豆淀粉使用超声波的组合,酶消化,和冷冻干燥方法。淀粉悬浮液(30%,w/w)用超声处理(20kHz,30分钟,20°C),然后用淀粉葡糖苷酶(1000U/g淀粉,50°C,24h,2%淀粉悬浮液)。酶消化后,将颗粒冷冻干燥72小时。使用VIS光谱法检查天然淀粉和改性淀粉的结构,SEM,ATR-FTIR,和LTNA(低温氮气吸附)。基于使用激光多普勒测速仪测量淀粉颗粒的电泳迁移率,计算ζ电位以确定表面电荷水平。此外,选定的特性,如水和油的容量,最小胶凝浓度(LGC),并确定糊状物的透明度。结果表明,玉米淀粉最容易受到联合改性方法的影响,因此最适合生产多孔淀粉。
Porous starch can be applied as an adsorbent and encapsulant for bioactive substances in the food and pharmaceutical industries. By using appropriate modification methods (chemical, physical, enzymatic, or mixed), it is possible to create pores on the surface of the starch granules without disturbing their integrity. This paper aimed to analyze the possibility of obtaining a porous structure for native corn, potato, and pea starches using a combination of ultrasound, enzymatic digestion, and freeze-drying methods. The starch suspensions (30%, w/w) were treated with ultrasound (20 kHz, 30 min, 20 °C), then dried and hydrolyzed with amyloglucosidase (1000 U/g starch, 50 °C, 24 h, 2% starch suspension). After enzyme digestion, the granules were freeze-dried for 72 h. The structure of the native and modified starches were examined using VIS spectroscopy, SEM, ATR-FTIR, and LTNA (low-temperature nitrogen adsorption). Based on the electrophoretic mobility measurements of the starch granules using a laser Doppler velocimeter, zeta potentials were calculated to determine the surface charge level. Additionally, the selected properties such as the water and oil holding capacities, least gelling concentration (LGC), and paste clarity were determined. The results showed that the corn starch was the most susceptible to the combined modification methods and was therefore best suited for the production of porous starch.