这篇综述介绍了皮脂腺免疫生物学创新概念的几个方面,总结了皮脂腺的许多活动,包括其经典的生理和病理生理任务,即皮脂的产生和皮脂溢和痤疮的发展。皮脂腺脂质,占青少年和成人皮肤表面脂质的90%,显着参与皮肤屏障功能和毛囊周围和真皮先天免疫过程,导致炎症性皮肤病。使用干细胞和皮脂腺细胞模型的创新实验技术已经阐明了不同干细胞在皮脂腺生理学和皮脂腺细胞功能控制机制中的作用。皮脂腺是毛囊皮脂腺的组成部分,其状态与毛囊形态发生有关。有趣的是,专业的炎症细胞有助于皮脂腺细胞分化和稳态,而免疫细胞对皮脂腺功能的调节是不依赖抗原的。炎症与痤疮中毛囊皮脂腺单元的最早分化变化有关。Sebocyes表现为有效的免疫调节剂,整合到皮肤的先天免疫反应中。表达炎症介质,皮脂腺细胞也有助于皮肤T细胞向Th17表型的极化。此外,毛囊周围浸润的免疫反应取决于皮脂腺产生的因素,主要是皮脂腺脂质。人皮脂腺细胞体外表达功能性模式识别受体,在痤疮发病机理中可能与细菌相互作用。性类固醇,过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体配体,神经肽,内源性大麻素和选择性凋亡过程有助于许多获得性和先天性皮肤病中皮脂腺细胞诱导的免疫反应的复杂调节。包括头发疾病和特应性皮炎。
This review presents several aspects of the innovative concept of sebaceous immunobiology, which summarizes the numerous activities of the sebaceous gland including its classical physiological and pathophysiological tasks, namely sebum production and the development of seborrhea and acne. Sebaceous lipids, which represent 90% of the skin surface lipids in adolescents and adults, are markedly involved in the skin barrier function and perifollicular and dermal innate immune processes, leading to inflammatory skin diseases. Innovative experimental techniques using stem cell and
sebocyte models have clarified the roles of distinct stem cells in sebaceous gland physiology and
sebocyte function control mechanisms. The sebaceous gland represents an integral part of the pilosebaceous unit and its status is connected to hair follicle morphogenesis. Interestingly, professional inflammatory cells contribute to
sebocyte differentiation and homeostasis, whereas the regulation of sebaceous gland function by immune cells is antigen-independent. Inflammation is involved in the very earliest differentiation changes of the pilosebaceous unit in acne. Sebocytes behave as potent immune regulators, integrating into the innate immune responses of the skin. Expressing inflammatory mediators, sebocytes also contribute to the polarization of cutaneous T cells towards the Th17 phenotype. In addition, the immune response of the perifollicular infiltrate depends on factors produced by the sebaceous glands, mostly sebaceous lipids. Human sebocytes in vitro express functional pattern recognition receptors, which are likely to interact with bacteria in acne pathogenesis. Sex steroids, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligands, neuropeptides, endocannabinoids and a selective apoptotic process contribute to a complex regulation of
sebocyte-induced immunological reaction in numerous acquired and congenital skin diseases, including hair diseases and atopic dermatitis.