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Abstract：
Sebaceous glands are sebum-secreting components of pilosebaceous units. The embryological development of the sebaceous gland follows that of the hair follicle and epidermal tissue, beginning between weeks 13 and 16 of fetal development. New sebaceous glands do not normally develop following birth, but their size increases with age. Sebocytes express a multitude of hormone receptors and are heavily regulated to secrete sebum by androgens. There is a large increase of sebum excretion at birth and again at puberty, until approximately age 17. In adulthood, sebum production remains stable and declines to zero in postmenopausal women and in men aged 60-70. Besides the production and release of sebum, sebaceous glands function to lubricate the skin and hair, provide thermoregulation, and exhibit antimicrobial activity. Research has shown sebaceous glands to possess the cellular capability to transcribe genes necessary for androgen metabolism. Dysfunction of the sebaceous gland can be seen primarily in steatocystoma simplex and multiplex, sebaceous gland hyperplasia, sebaceoma, sebaceous adenoma, sebaceous carcinoma, nevus sebaceus, and folliculosebaceous cystic hamartoma. Sebaceous glands are secondarily involved in acne vulgaris, seborrheic dermatitis, and androgenic alopecia.
摘要：
皮脂腺是毛囊皮脂腺的皮脂分泌成分。皮脂腺的胚胎学发育遵循毛囊和表皮组织，从胎儿发育的第13到16周开始。新的皮脂腺通常不会在出生后发育，但是它们的尺寸随着年龄的增长而增加。Sebocyte表达多种激素受体，并受到雄激素的严重调节以分泌皮脂。出生时和青春期时皮脂排泄大量增加，直到大约17岁。成年后,绝经后女性和60-70岁男性的皮脂产量保持稳定，下降至零。除了皮脂的产生和释放，皮脂腺的功能是润滑皮肤和头发，提供温度调节，并表现出抗菌活性。研究表明皮脂腺具有转录雄激素代谢所必需的基因的细胞能力。皮脂腺的功能障碍主要见于单纯性和多重性的脂肪囊肿,皮脂腺增生,皮脂瘤,皮脂腺腺瘤,皮脂腺癌,痣,和毛囊皮脂腺囊性错构瘤。皮脂腺继发于寻常痤疮，脂溢性皮炎,和雄激素性脱发。
