暂无摘要。

UNASSIGNED: Sleep complaints were reported to be associated with stroke, however, the evidence on the association between healthy sleep pattern and stroke risk in Chinese is limited.
UNASSIGNED: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between healthy sleep pattern and stroke in Chinese, and the influence of metabolic diseases on the association.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 11,851 participants from the Kailuan study in China without stroke at baseline were included. We calculated a healthy sleep score according to four sleep factors, and defined the low-risk groups as follows: no insomnia, no excessive daytime sleepiness, no frequent snoring, and sleep 7-8h/d. Each low-risk sleep factor was assigned a score of 1. Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between healthy sleep score and stroke. Mediation analysis was used to estimate the role of metabolic diseases (obesity, diabetes, and hypertension) in the healthy sleep score-stroke association.
UNASSIGNED: During a mean follow-up period of 7.7 years, 504 cases of stroke were identified. A higher healthy sleep score was associated with a lower risk of stroke in a dose-response manner (P-trend=0.03). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for participants with a healthy sleep score of 4 versus ≤2 was 0.75 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.56, 0.96). In addition, obesity, diabetes, and hypertension collectively explained 21.9% (95% CI: 17.2, 26.5) of the association between healthy sleep score and stroke.
UNASSIGNED: Adherence to healthy sleep pattern was associated with a lower risk of stroke, and the favorable association was partially mediated by metabolic diseases.

UNASSIGNED: Light at night disrupts circadian rhythms, and circadian disruption is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Whether personal light exposure predicts diabetes risk has not been demonstrated in a large prospective cohort. We therefore assessed whether personal light exposure patterns predicted risk of incident type 2 diabetes in UK Biobank participants, using ∼13 million hours of light sensor data.
UNASSIGNED: Participants (N = 84,790, age (M ± SD) = 62.3 ± 7.9 years, 58% female) wore light sensors for one week, recording day and night light exposure. Circadian amplitude and phase were modeled from weekly light data. Incident type 2 diabetes was recorded (1997 cases; 7.9 ± 1.2 years follow-up; excluding diabetes cases prior to light-tracking). Risk of incident type 2 diabetes was assessed as a function of day and night light, circadian phase, and circadian amplitude, adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, and polygenic risk.
UNASSIGNED: Compared to people with dark nights (0-50th percentiles), diabetes risk was incrementally higher across brighter night light exposure percentiles (50-70th: multivariable-adjusted HR = 1.29 [1.14-1.46]; 70-90th: 1.39 [1.24-1.57]; and 90-100th: 1.53 [1.32-1.77]). Diabetes risk was higher in people with lower modeled circadian amplitude (aHR = 1.07 [1.03-1.10] per SD), and with early or late circadian phase (aHR range: 1.06-1.26). Night light and polygenic risk independently predicted higher diabetes risk. The difference in diabetes risk between people with bright and dark nights was similar to the difference between people with low and moderate genetic risk.
UNASSIGNED: Type 2 diabetes risk was higher in people exposed to brighter night light, and in people exposed to light patterns that may disrupt circadian rhythms. Avoidance of light at night could be a simple and cost-effective recommendation that mitigates risk of diabetes, even in those with high genetic risk.
UNASSIGNED: Australian Government Research Training Program.

The human microbiome functions as a separate organ in a symbiotic relationship with the host. Disruption of this host-microbe symbiosis can lead to serious health problems. Modifications to the composition and function of the microbiome have been linked to changes in host metabolic outcomes. Industrial lifestyles with high consumption of processed foods, alcoholic beverages and antibiotic use have significantly altered the gut microbiome in unfavorable ways. Therefore, understanding the causal relationship between the human microbiome and host metabolism will provide important insights into how we can better intervene in metabolic health. In this review, I will discuss the potential use of the human microbiome as a therapeutic target to improve host metabolism.

Background and Objectives: Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the inability to convert the essential amino acid phenylalanine into tyrosine. Early dietary treatment can successfully prevent complications, but controversies still exist regarding the attainment of normal growth in these patients. Materials and Methods: Eighteen patients with PKU from two Romanian reference centers were compared to eighteen non-PKU controls, matched for age and gender. The comparisons used weight-for-height, weight-for-age, height/length-for-age, and body mass index-for-age z-scores from birth to three years of age. Results: The PKU study group consisted of nine boys and nine girls, with a median follow-up period of thirty-six months (interquartile range = 9.75). While median values of all four growth metrics remained within the normal range across the entire study period, weight-for-age z-scores were significantly lower in PKU patients throughout most of the study (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The persistent lower weight-for-age z-scores of the PKU patients compared to controls indicate that ongoing monitoring and potential adjustments in dietary therapy may be necessary to further optimize growth outcomes.

Elevations in fructose consumption have been reported to contribute significantly to an increased incidence of obesity and metabolic diseases in industrial countries. Mechanistically, a high fructose intake leads to the dysregulation of glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol metabolism in the liver, and causes elevations in inflammation and drives the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). A high fructose consumption is considered to be toxic to the body, and there are ongoing measures to develop pharmaceutical therapies targeting fructose metabolism. Although a large amount of work has summarized the effects fructose exposure within the intestine, liver, and kidney, there remains a gap in our knowledge regarding how fructose both indirectly and directly influences immune cell recruitment, activation, and function in metabolic tissues, which are essential to tissue and systemic inflammation. The most recent literature demonstrates that direct fructose exposure regulates oxidative metabolism in macrophages, leading to inflammation. The present review highlights (1) the mechanisms by which fructose metabolism impacts crosstalk between tissues, nonparenchymal cells, microbes, and immune cells; (2) the direct impact of fructose on immune cell metabolism and function; and (3) therapeutic targets of fructose metabolism to treat NAFLD. In addition, the review highlights how fructose disrupts liver tissue homeostasis and identifies new therapeutic targets for treating NAFLD and obesity.

Acupuncture, an important green and side effect-free therapy in traditional Chinese medicine, is widely use both domestically and internationally. Acupuncture can interact with the gut microbiota and influence various diseases, including metabolic diseases, gastrointestinal diseases, mental disorders, nervous system diseases, and other diseases. This review presents a thorough analysis of these interactions and their impacts and examines the alterations in the gut microbiota and the potential clinical outcomes following acupuncture intervention to establish a basis for the future utilization of acupuncture in clinical treatments.

BACKGROUND: Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVa (Morquio A syndrome) and mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (Maroteaux-Lamy syndrome) are rare inherited lysosomal storage diseases associated with significant functional impairment and a wide spectrum of debilitating clinical manifestations. These conditions are thought to have higher-than-average prevalence rates in Saudi Arabia due to high rates of consanguineous marriage in the country. There are several unmet needs associated with the management of these diseases in Saudi Arabia.
METHODS: The aim of this manuscript is to contextualize unmet management needs and provide recommendations to optimize diagnosis, multidisciplinary care delivery, and local data generation in this disease area. An expert panel was assembled comprising seven consultant geneticists from across Saudi Arabia. The Delphi methodology was used to obtain a consensus on statements relating to several aspects of mucopolysaccharidosis types IVa and VI. A consensus was reached for all statements by means of an online, anonymized voting system. The consensus statements pertain to screening and diagnosis, management approaches, including recommendations pertaining to enzyme replacement therapy, and local data generation.
CONCLUSIONS: The consensus statements presented provide specific recommendations to improve diagnostic and treatment approaches, promote multidisciplinary care and data sharing, and optimize the overall management of these rare inherited diseases in Saudi Arabia.

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly including acetate, propionate and butyrate, are produced by intestinal bacteria during the fermentation of partially digested and indigestible polysaccharides. SCFAs play an important role in regulating intestinal energy metabolism and maintaining the homeostasis of the intestinal environment and also play an important regulatory role in organs and tissues outside the gut. In recent years, many studies have shown that SCFAs can regulate inflammation and affect host health, and two main signaling mechanisms have also been identified: the activation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) and inhibition of histone deacetylase (HDAC). In addition, a growing body of evidence highlights the importance of every SCFA in influencing health maintenance and disease development. In this review, we summarized the recent advances concerning the biological properties of SCFAs and their signaling pathways in inflammation and body health. Hopefully, it can provide a systematic theoretical basis for the nutritional prevention and treatment of human diseases.

This meta-analysis aimed to summarise clinical evidence regarding the effect of supplementation with cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) on different cardiometabolic outcomes. An extensive literature survey was carried out until 10 April 2024. A total of 415 participants from six eligible studies were included. The overall results from the random-effects model indicated that cornelian cherry supplementation significantly reduced body weight (standardised mean difference [SMD] = -0.27, confidence interval [CI]: -0.52, -0.02, p = 0.03), body mass index (SMD = -0.42, CI: -0.73, -0.12, p = 0.007), fasting blood glucose (SMD = -0.46, CI: -0.74, -0.18, p = 0.001), glycated haemoglobin (SMD = -0.70, CI: -1.19, -0.22, p = 0.005), and HOMA-IR (SMD = -0.89, CI: -1.62, -0.16, p = 0.02), while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly increased (SMD = 0.38, CI: 0.10, 0.65, p = 0.007). A sensitivity analysis showed that cornelian cherry supplementation significantly reduced total plasma triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and insulin levels. Cornelian cherry supplementation did not significantly affect waist circumference and liver parameters among the participants. Considering these findings, this meta-analysis indicates that supplementation with cornelian cherry may impact diverse cardiometabolic risk factors among individuals considered to be at a high risk.