BACKGROUND: Hemodialyzers should efficiently eliminate small and middle molecular uremic toxins and possess exceptional hemocompatibility to improve well-being of patients with end-stage kidney disease. However, performance and hemocompatibility get compromised during treatment due to adsorption of plasma proteins to the dialyzer membrane. Increased membrane hydrophilicity reduces protein adsorption to the membrane and was implemented in the novel FX CorAL dialyzer. The present randomized controlled trial compares performance and hemocompatibility profiles of the FX CorAL dialyzer to other commonly used dialyzers applied in hemodiafiltration treatments.
METHODS: This prospective, open, controlled, multicentric, interventional, crossover study randomized stable patients on post-dilution online hemodiafiltration (HDF) to FX CorAL 600, FX CorDiax 600 (both Fresenius Medical Care) and xevonta Hi 15 (B. Braun) each for 4 weeks. Primary outcome was β2-microglobulin removal rate (β2-m RR). Non-inferiority and superiority of FX CorAL versus comparators were tested. Secondary endpoints were RR and/or clearance of small and middle molecules, and intra- and interdialytic profiles of hemocompatibility markers, with regards to complement activation, cell activation/inflammation, platelet activation and oxidative stress. Further endpoints were patient reported outcomes (PROs) and clinical safety.
RESULTS: 82 patients were included and 76 analyzed as intention-to-treat (ITT) population. FX CorAL showed the highest β2-m RR (76.28%), followed by FX CorDiax (75.69%) and xevonta (74.48%). Non-inferiority to both comparators and superiority to xevonta were statistically significant. Secondary endpoints related to middle molecules corroborated these results; performance for small molecules was comparable between dialyzers. Regarding intradialytic hemocompatibility, FX CorAL showed lower complement, white blood cell, and platelet activation. There were no differences in interdialytic hemocompatibility, PROs, or clinical safety.
CONCLUSIONS: The novel FX CorAL with increased membrane hydrophilicity showed strong performance and a favorable hemocompatibility profile as compared to other commonly used dialyzers in clinical practice. Further long-term investigations should examine whether the benefits of FX CorAL will translate into improved cardiovascular and mortality endpoints.
BACKGROUND: eMPORA III registration on 19/01/2021 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04714281).

The surface morphology of titanium metal is an important factor affecting its hydrophilicity and biocompatibility, and exploring the surface treatment strategy of titanium metal is an important way to improve its biocompatibility . In this study , titanium (TA4) was firstly treated by large particle sand blasting and acid etching (SLA) technology, and then the obtained SLA-TA4 was treated by single surface treatments such as alkali-heat, ultraviolet light and plasma bombardment. According to the experimental results, alkali-heat treatment is the best treatment method to improve and maintain surface hydrophilicity of titanium. Then, the nanowire network morphology of titanium surface and its biological property, formed by further surface treatments on the basis of alkali-heat treatment, were investigated. Through the cell adhesion experiment of mouse embryonic osteoblast cells (MC3T3-E1), the ability of titanium material to support cell adhesion and cell spreading was investigated after different surface treatments. The mechanism of biological activity difference of titanium surface formed by different surface treatments was investigated according to the contact angle, pit depth and roughness of the titanium sheet surface. The results showed that the SLA-TA4 titanium sheet after a treatment of alkali heat for 10 h and ultraviolet irradiation for 1 h has the best biological activity and stability. From the perspective of improving surface bioactivity of medical devices, this study has important reference value for relevant researches on surface treatment of titanium implantable medical devices.
钛金属的表面形貌是影响其亲水性及生物相容性的重要因素，探究钛金属表面处理策略是提高其生物相容性的重要途径。本文先采用大颗粒喷砂酸蚀技术（SLA）处理钛金属A4（TA4），对得到的SLA-TA4进行碱热、紫外光照及等离子体轰击等单一方式表面处理。根据实验结果得出，碱热处理是提高并保持钛金属SLA-TA4亲水性的最佳单一处理方法。随后，在碱热处理的基础上，继续研究多种表面处理方式形成的钛金属表面纳米线网络结构及其生物性能。通过小鼠胚胎成骨前体细胞MC3T3-E1黏附实验，比较了不同方式表面处理后，钛金属材料支持细胞黏附、细胞铺展的能力，并根据不同表面处理方式形成的材料表面接触角、微坑深度及粗糙度等参数，分析探讨多种表面处理方式造成的生物活性差异的机制。结果表明，经碱热处理10 h及紫外照射1 h处理后的SLA-TA4 表现出最佳的生物活性及稳定性。从提高医疗器械表面生物活性的角度考虑，本文研究结果或对钛金属植入性器械的表面处理相关研究提供有价值的参考。.

This study aims to demonstrate the possibility of incorporating a natural antioxidant biomolecule into polymeric porous scaffolds. To this end, Poly-l-Lactic Acid (PLLA) scaffolds were produced using the Thermally Induced Phase Separation (TIPS) technique and additivated with different amounts of rosmarinic acid (RA). The scaffolds, with a diameter of 4 mm and a thickness of 2 mm, were characterized with a multi-analytical approach. Specifically, Scanning Electron Microscopy analyses demonstrated the presence of an interconnected porous network, characterized by a layer of RA at the level of the pore\'s surfaces. Moreover, the presence of RA biomolecules increased the hydrophilic nature of the sample, as evidenced by the decrease in the contact angle with water from 128° to 76°. The structure of PLLA and PLLA containing RA molecules has been investigated through DSC and XRD analyses, and the obtained results suggest that the crystallinity decreases when increasing the RA content. This approach is cost-effective, and it can be customized with different biomolecules, offering the possibility of producing porous polymeric structures containing antioxidant molecules. These scaffolds meet the requirements of tissue engineering and could offer a potential solution to reduce inflammation associated with scaffold implantation, thus improving tissue regeneration.

Acid mine drainage (AMD) is an environmental issue linked with mining activities, causing the release of toxic water from mining areas. Polyethersulphone (PES) membranes are explored for AMD treatment, but their limited hydrophilicity hinders their performance. Chitosan enhances hydrophilicity, addressing this issue. However, the effectiveness depends on chitosan\'s degree of deacetylation (DD), determined during the deacetylation process for chitosan production. This study optimized the chitin deacetylation temperature, alkaline (NaOH) concentration, and reaction time, yielding the highest chitosan degree of deacetylation (DD) for PES/chitosan membrane applications. Prior research has shown that high DD chitosan enhances membrane antifouling and hydrophilicity, increasing contaminant rejection and permeate flux. Evaluation of the best deacetylation conditions in terms of temperature (80, 100, 120 °C), NaOH concentration (20, 40, 60 wt.%), and time (2, 4, 6 h) was performed. The highest chitosan DD obtained was 87.11% at 80 °C, 40 wt. %NaOH at 4 h of chitin deacetylation. The PES/0.75 chitosan membrane (87.11%DD) showed an increase in surface hydrophilicity (63.62° contact angle) as compared to the pristine PES membrane (72.83° contact angle). This was an indicated improvement in membrane performance. Thus, presumably leading to high contaminant rejection and permeate flux in the AMD treatment context, postulate to literature.

The most prevalent type of hemodialysis membrane is polysulfone (PSf). However, due to inadequate biocompatibility, it significantly compromises the safety of dialysis for patients. In this study, we modify the surface of the PSf membrane with 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (DBPh) groups to serve as anchoring sites during UV irradiation. Subsequently, a tailored sulfonated dihydroxy propyl chitosan (SDHPCS) is grafted onto the modified PSf membrane to compensate for the deficiencies in hydrophilic additives. The modified PSf membrane exhibits outstanding hydrophilicity and stability, as demonstrated by its characterization and evaluation. This paper focuses on investigating the interaction between platelet membrane formation, protein adsorption, and anticoagulant activity. The results show that the modified PSf membrane exhibits remarkable enhancement in surface hydrophilicity, leading to a significant reduction in protein and platelet adsorption as well as adhesion.

暂无摘要。

OBJECTIVE: This investigation aimed to develop a novel hydrophilic and antibacterial silicone rubber impression material for dental application.
METHODS: The basic formula of the new silicone rubber was determined on a preliminary study, and 6% polyether modified silicone oil was added as wetting agent to provide the hydrophilicity. No-vel nano-antibacterial inorganic fillers containing quaternary ammonium salt with long chain alkyl were incorporated into the hydrophilic silicone rubber impression materials at a mass fraction of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, or 5%. A commercial silicone rubber impression material was used as control. The mechanical properties, wettability, detail reproducibility, dimensional stability, and mixing time of silicone rubber materials were measured. Thin-film adhesion method and cell counting kit-8 method were used to detect the antibacterial property and cytotoxicity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was chosen to observe the micromorphology of the novel silicone rubber.
RESULTS: When the content of antibacterial filler exceeded 4%, the mechanical properties of the new silicone rubber decreased significantly (P<0.05). Compared with those of the control group, the contact angle and linear size change rate of different groups had no significant change at different time nodes, and the detail reproducibility was intact (P>0.05). The addition of antibacterial fillers had no significant effect on the mixing time (P>0.05). Adding 4% antibacterial fillers could result in the antibacterial rate of 95.26%, showing good antibacterial properties. No significant difference was found in the cytotoxicity of all groups (P>0.05). The SEM pictures of the cross section of the silicone rubber sample showed that the fillers had good compatibility with the silicone rubber matrix and distributed in the matrix evenly.
CONCLUSIONS: A novel silicone rubber impression material containing 6% polyether modified silicone oil could obtain promising hydrophilic and antibacterial properties after being added with 4% antibacterial inorganic fillers.
目的: 合成兼具亲水及抗菌性的新型硅橡胶口腔印模材料，并探讨相关性能，为其在牙科领域中的进一步应用奠定基础。方法: 在前期预实验的基础上确定了新型硅橡胶的基本配方，并以6%聚醚改性硅油作为润湿剂赋予其良好的亲水性。将自行合成的碘代长链烷基季铵盐修饰的纳米抗菌SiO2无机填料，按0%、1%、2%、3%、4%及5%的比例添加至亲水硅橡胶印模材料中，以期赋予其抗菌性，并以商品化的硅橡胶产品作为对照。测量各组硅橡胶材料的力学性能、润湿性、细节再现性、尺寸稳定性及调和时间；同时通过薄膜密着法与CCK-8法检测硅橡胶材料的抗菌性与细胞毒性；扫描电镜（SEM）观察新型硅橡胶的微观形貌。结果: 当抗菌填料含量超过4%时，新型硅橡胶力学性能明显下降（P<0.05）；与对照组相比，不同组别在不同时间节点接触角、细节再现性完好且线性尺寸变化率无显著变化（P>0.05）；抗菌填料的加入不会对调和时间产生影响（P>0.05）。当加入4%抗菌填料时，抗菌率可达95.26%，展现出良好的抗菌性；所有组别细胞毒性反应差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），说明硅橡胶材料无明显细胞毒性。硅橡胶试样断面SEM观察显示填料与硅橡胶基体的相容性良好，在基体内部分布均匀。结论: 含6%聚醚改性硅油的亲水性硅橡胶中加入4%的抗菌无机填料可以获得兼具亲水与抗菌性能的新型硅橡胶口腔印模材料，这为进一步临床应用提供了实验依据。.

Bacterial infections triggered by patient or healthcare worker contact with surfaces are a major cause of medically acquired infections. By controlling the kinetics of tetrabutyl titanate hydrolysis and condensation during the sol-gel process, it is possible to regulate the content of Ti3+ and oxygen vacancies (OVs) in TiO2, and adjust the associated visible light-induced photocatalytic performance and anti-bacterial adhesion properties. The results have shown that the Ti3+ content in TiO2 was 9.87% at the calcination temperature of the reaction system was 300 °C and pH was 1.0, corresponding to optimal photocatalytic and hydrophilic properties. The formation of a hydrated layer on the superhydrophilic surface provided resistance to bacterial adhesion, preventing cross-contamination on high-touch surfaces. The excellent photocatalytic self-cleaning performance and anti-bacterial adhesion properties can be attributed to synergistic effects associated with the high specific surface area of TiO2 nanoparticles, the mesoporous structure, and the presence of Ti3+ and OVs. The formation of superhydrophilic self-cleaning surfaces under visible light can serve as the basis for the development of a new class of anti-bacterial adhesion materials.

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to identify a collagen-coating method that does not affect the physicochemical properties of bone graft material. Based on this, we developed a collagen-coated porcine xenograft and applied it to dogs to validate its effectiveness.
UNASSIGNED: Xenografts and collagen were derived from porcine, and the collagen coating was performed through N-ethyl-N\'-(3- (dimethylamino)propyl) carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide (EDC/NHS) activation. The physicochemical characteristics of the developed bone graft material were verified through field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), brunauer emmett teller (BET), attenuated total reflectance-fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and water absorption test. Subsequently, the biocompatibility and bone healing effects were assessed using a rat calvarial defect model.
UNASSIGNED: The physicochemical test results confirmed that collagen coating increased bone graft materials\' surface roughness and fluid absorption but did not affect their porous structure. In vivo evaluations revealed that collagen coating had no adverse impact on the bone healing effect of bone graft materials. After confirming the biocompatibility and effectiveness, we applied the bone graft materials in two orthopedic cases and one dental case. Notably, successful fracture healing was observed in both orthopedic cases. In the dental case, successful bone regeneration was achieved without any loss of alveolar bone.
UNASSIGNED: This study demonstrated that porcine bone graft material promotes bone healing in dogs with its hemostatic and cohesive effects resulting from the collagen coating. Bone graft materials with enhanced biocompatibility through collagen coating are expected to be widely used in veterinary clinical practice.

Composite membranes with a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) selective layer composed of well-dispersed hydrophilic kaolinite particles coated on a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) support were developed. They were applied to the pervaporation dehydration of the industrially important epichlorohydrin (ECH)/isopropanol (IPA)/water ternary mixture. In comparison with raw kaolinite (RK), hydrophilic kaolinite (HK) enhanced the mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, and thermal stability of the PVA selective layer, as confirmed by universal testing, the contact angle, and TGA analyses, respectively. The pervaporation results revealed that the addition of HK particles significantly enhanced the separation factor (3-fold). Only a marginal reduction in flux was observed with ECH/IPA/water, 50/30/20 (w/w %) at 40 °C. An HK particle concentration of 4 wt.% with respect to PVA delivered the highest flux performance of 0.86 kg/m2h and achieved a separation factor of 116. The PVA-kaolinite composite membrane exhibited pronounced resistance to the ECH-containing feed, demonstrating a sustained flux and separation factor throughout an extended pervaporation stability test lasting 250 h.