Clubroot,由油菜疟原虫引起的,是严重损害十字花科作物产量并在全球造成重大经济损失的主要疾病。预防根肿病,尤其是在肿瘤茎芥菜(没有抗性品种),是有限的,主要依靠杀真菌剂。工程纳米颗粒为植物病害的管理开辟了新的途径,但是没有关于它们在预防根肿病中的应用的报道。结果表明,500mg/LMgONPs对根瘤的防治效果为54.92%。然而,当浓度增加到1,500和2,500mg/L时,控制效果无明显变化。与CK相比,用MgONPs处理的植物的地上部分的平均鲜重和干重增加了392.83和240.81%,分别。与F1000治疗相比,土壤有效磷含量增加(+16.72%),钾(+9.82%),可交换镁(+24.20%),1,500mg/LMgONPs处理中的水溶性镁(20.64%)。酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)结果表明,施用MgONPs显著增加了土壤过氧化物酶(POD,+52.69%),碱性蛋白酶(AP,+41.21%),碱性磷酸酶(ALP,+79.26%),脲酶(+52.69%),和蔗糖酶(56.88%)活性;并且还增加了植物L-苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL,+70.49%),多酚氧化酶(PPO,+36.77%),POD(+38.30%),愈创木酚过氧化物酶(POX,+55.46%)活性和水杨酸(SA,+59.86%)含量。然而,土壤和植物过氧化氢酶(CAT,-27.22和-19.89%,分别),和植物超氧化酶歧化酶(SOD,-36.33%)活性在施用MgONPs后显著下降。宏基因组测序分析表明,MgONPs处理显著提高了根际土壤微生物群落的α-多样性。根际土壤中有益细菌属的相对丰度,包括假单胞菌,Sphingopyxis,Acidovorax,Variovorax,还有Bosea,显著增加。土壤代谢功能,如氧化磷酸化(ko00190),原核生物的碳固定途径(ko00720),吲哚生物碱生物合成(ko00901),各种抗生素(ko00998)的生物合成均显著富集。这些结果表明,MgONPs可能通过促进土壤养分的转化和利用来控制根茎。刺激植物防御反应,丰富土壤有益细菌。
Clubroot, caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, is a major disease that significantly impairs the yield of cruciferous crops and causes significant economic losses across the globe. The prevention of clubroot, especially in tumorous stem mustard (without resistant varieties), are is limited and primarily relies on fungicides. Engineered nanoparticles have opened up new avenues for the management of plant diseases, but there is no report on their application in the prevention of clubroot. The results showed that the control efficacy of 500 mg/L MgO NPs against clubroot was 54.92%. However, when the concentration was increased to 1,500 and 2,500 mg/L, there was no significant change in the control effect. Compared with CK, the average fresh and dry weight of the aerial part of plants treated with MgO NPs increased by 392.83 and 240.81%, respectively. Compared with the F1000 treatment, increases were observed in the content of soil available phosphorus (+16.72%), potassium (+9.82%), exchangeable magnesium (+24.20%), and water-soluble magnesium (+20.64%) in the 1,500 mg/L MgO NPs treatment. The enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) results showed that the application of MgO NPs significantly increased soil peroxidase (POD, +52.69%), alkaline protease (AP, +41.21%), alkaline phosphatase (ALP, +79.26%), urease (+52.69%), and sucrase (+56.88%) activities; And also increased plant L-phenylalanine ammonla-lyase (PAL, +70.49%), polyphenol oxidase (PPO, +36.77%), POD (+38.30%), guaiacol peroxidase (POX, +55.46%) activities and salicylic acid (SA, +59.86%) content. However, soil and plant catalase (CAT, -27.22 and - 19.89%, respectively), and plant super oxidase dismutase (SOD, -36.33%) activities were significantly decreased after the application of MgO NPs. The metagenomic sequencing analysis showed that the MgO NPs treatments significantly improved the α-diversity of the rhizosphere soil microbial community. The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria genera in the rhizosphere soil, including Pseudomonas, Sphingopyxis, Acidovorax, Variovorax, and Bosea, was significantly increased. Soil metabolic functions, such as oxidative phosphorylation (ko00190), carbon fixation pathways in prokaryotes (ko00720), indole alkaloid biosynthesis (ko00901), and biosynthesis of various antibiotics (ko00998) were significantly enriched. These results suggested that MgO NPs might control clubroot by promoting the transformation and utilization of soil nutrients, stimulating plant defense responses, and enriching soil beneficial bacteria.