PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Charcoal rot disease (CRD), caused by the phytopathogenic fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, is a significant threat to cotton production in Israel and worldwide. The pathogen secretes toxins and degrading enzymes that disrupt the water and nutrient uptake, leading to death at the late stages of growth. While many control strategies were tested over the years to reduce CRD impact, reaching that goal remains a significant challenge. The current study aimed to establish, improve, and deepen our understanding of a new approach combining biological agents and chemical pesticides. Such intervention relies on reducing fungicides while providing stability and a head start to eco-friendly bio-protective Trichoderma species. The research design included sprouts in a growth room and commercial field plants receiving the same treatments. Under a controlled environment, comparing the bio-based coating treatments with their corresponding chemical coating partners resulted in similar outcomes in most measures. At 52 days, these practices gained up to 38% and 45% higher root and shoot weight and up to 78% decreased pathogen root infection (tracked by Real-Time PCR), compared to non-infected control plants. Yet, in the shoot weight assessment (day 29 post-sowing), the treatment with only biological seed coating outperformed (p < 0.05) all other biological-based treatments and all Azoxystrobin-based irrigation treatments. In contrast, adverse effects are observed in the chemical seed coating group, particularly in above ground plant parts, which are attributable to the addition of Azoxystrobin irrigation. In the field, the biological treatments had the same impact as the chemical intervention, increasing the cotton plants\' yield (up to 17%), improving the health (up to 27%) and reducing M. phaseolina DNA in the roots (up to 37%). When considering all treatments within each approach, a significant benefit to plant health was observed with the bio-chemo integrated management compared to using only chemical interventions. Specific integrated treatments have shown potential in reducing CRD symptoms, such as applying bio-coating and sprinkling Azoxystrobin during sowing. Aerial remote sensing based on high-resolution visible-channel (RGB), green-red vegetation index (GRVI), and thermal imaging supported the above findings and proved its value for studying CRD control management. This research validates the combined biological and chemical intervention potential to shield cotton crops from CRD.
摘要：
木炭腐烂病（CRD），由植物病原真菌引起，是对以色列和全球棉花生产的重大威胁。病原体分泌毒素和降解酶，破坏水和营养吸收，在成长的后期导致死亡。虽然多年来测试了许多控制策略以减少CRD影响，实现这一目标仍然是一项重大挑战。目前的研究旨在建立,改进,加深我们对生物制剂和化学农药相结合的新方法的理解。这种干预依赖于减少杀真菌剂，同时提供稳定性和生态友好的生物保护性木霉属物种的开端。研究设计包括生长室中的豆芽和接受相同处理的商业田间植物。在受控环境下,将生物基涂层处理与其相应的化学涂层合作伙伴进行比较,在大多数测量结果相似.52天,这些做法获得了高达38％和45％以上的根和芽的重量和高达78％减少的病原体根部感染（通过实时PCR跟踪），与未感染的对照植物相比。然而，在苗体重评估中(播种后第29天)，仅用生物种子包衣的处理优于(p<0.05)所有其他基于生物的处理和所有基于Aoxstrobin的灌溉处理。相比之下,在化学种子包衣组中观察到不利影响，特别是在地上植物部分，这可归因于添加了Azoxrobin灌溉。在田野里,生物治疗与化学干预具有相同的影响，提高棉花产量(高达17%)，改善健康状况（高达27％）并减少根中的M.phaseolinaDNA（高达37％）。当考虑每种方法中的所有治疗方法时，与仅使用化学干预措施相比,生物化学综合管理对植物健康有显著益处.特定的综合治疗已显示出减少CRD症状的潜力，例如在播种过程中应用生物涂层和撒上唑菌酯。基于高分辨率可见信道(RGB)的航空遥感,绿-红植被指数(GRVI),热成像支持上述发现，并证明了其对研究CRD控制管理的价值。这项研究验证了生物和化学干预相结合的潜力，以保护棉花作物免受CRD。
