长毛植物是伊万克氏菌的掠食性螨,这是非洲和其他地方的入侵害虫。这种捕食者在非洲的引进具有相当大的潜力,但对龙氏疟原虫与常用农药的相容性知之甚少。这里,我们检查了两种拟除虫菊酯(氯氰菊酯和溴氰菊酯)的致死和亚致死作用,两种有机磷酸酯(乐果和毒死蜱),一种烟碱(吡虫啉),两种杀螨剂(方岩和阿维菌素),两种天然来源的农药(氧化苦参碱和印薄氮芥),以及一种基于昆虫病原真菌的制剂(Hirsutellathompsonii),用于长氏疟原虫卵和成虫。农药以其最大推荐浓度喷洒。局部暴露于印字素,吡虫啉,方岩,阿维菌素,氧化苦参碱,和H.thompsonii显著降低净繁殖率(R0),龙氏疟原虫的内在增长率(r)和有限增长率(λ)。在基于IOBC毒性类别的分类中,以降低系数(Ex)总结了农药对捕食者的致死和亚致死作用。结果表明,印染素和H.thompsonii对成年人有轻微的危害。吡虫啉,方岩,阿维菌素,氧化苦参碱对鸡蛋和成人均有中等危害。残留的持久性生物测定表明,印字素的4天龄残留物对捕食者没有有害影响。阿维菌素,氧化苦参碱,H.thompsonii在喷洒10天后对它无害,20天后,方根和吡虫啉被认为是无害的。氯氰菊酯,溴氰菊酯,乐果,毒死蜱对鸡蛋和成年人都非常有害,即使在31天的应用后,持久性仍然很高。这些发现在考虑将P.longipes用于IPM计划时,为决策提供了有价值的见解。
Phytoseiulus longipes is a predatory mite of Tetranychus evansi, which is an invasive pest in Africa and elsewhere. The introduction of this predator in Africa has considerable potential, but little is known about the compatibility of P. longipes with commonly used pesticides. Here, we examined lethal and sublethal effects of two pyrethroids (cypermethrin and deltamethrin), two organophosphates (dimethoate and chlorpyrifos), one nicotinoid (imidacloprid), two acaricides (propargite and abamectin), two naturally derived pesticides (oxymatrine and azadirachtin), and one entomopathogenic fungal-based formulation (Hirsutella thompsonii) on P. longipes eggs and adults. The pesticides were sprayed at their maximum recommended concentrations. Topical exposures to azadirachtin, imidacloprid, propargite, abamectin, oxymatrine, and H. thompsonii significantly reduced the net reproductive rate (R0), intrinsic rate of increase (r) and finite rate of increase (λ)of P. longipes. Pesticide lethal and sublethal effects on the predator were summarized in a reduction coefficient (Ex) for the classification based on IOBC toxicity categories. Results revealed that Azadirachtin and H. thompsonii were slightly harmful effects to adults. Imidacloprid, propargite, abamectin, and oxymatrine were moderately harmful to both eggs and adults. Residual persistence bioassays revealed that 4-day-old residue of azadirachtin had no harmful effect on the predator. Abamectin, oxymatrine, and H. thompsonii became harmless to it 10 days post-spraying, and propargite and imidacloprid were considered harmless after 20 days. Cypermethrin, deltamethrin, dimethoate, and chlorpyrifos were highly harmful to both eggs and adults, persistence remaining high even after 31 days of application. These findings provide valuable insights into decision-making when considering P. longipes for use in IPM programs.