背景:北欧青少年心理健康的时间趋势研究通常依赖于对青少年心身症状的分析。在这项研究中,我们在双因素模型的背景下研究青少年关于心理健康的自我报告,其中包括心理健康症状的明显表现和对个人健康状况的主观感知。
方法:本研究的目的是采用以人为本的方法,利用聚类分析来辨别北欧青少年心理健康状况的时间趋势,使用他们的心身抱怨和他们对整体健康的感知作为集群变量。然后对所得的健康概况进行心理和社会调整的不同措施的比较分析。心理健康概况基于学龄儿童健康行为(HBSC)调查的数据,这是在五个北欧国家的近50000名15岁儿童中进行的(丹麦,芬兰,冰岛,挪威,和瑞典)在2002年至2022年之间。
结果:在所有北欧国家都观察到了具有可比性内容的心理健康概况,包括表明足够健康的配置文件,感知到的健康,认为健康状况不佳,心身投诉高,和双重健康问题(定义为高心身投诉和感知不良健康)。这些健康状况在北欧国家显示出类似的趋势。观察到显著的性别差异。2002年,适当的健康是两性的主要特征。20年后,然而,高心身形象成为女孩中最常见的形象。在三个风险概况中,即感觉到健康状况不佳,高心身投诉和双重健康问题,在双重问题中,青少年的心理和社会适应问题最多。
结论:相对于双重心理健康群体,高心身状况的青少年适应问题的发生率相对较低,这挑战了北欧青少年心理健康问题急剧增加的普遍观点。这种观点主要是基于观察到的心身症状的上升。的确,在2002年至2022年期间,青少年在高心身投诉中的比例增加了一倍.与表现出大多数问题的双重健康问题概况相比,这种增加明显得多。
BACKGROUND: Studies of time trends in Nordic adolescents\' mental health have often relied on analyses of adolescents\' psychosomatic symptoms. In this study, we examine adolescents\' self-reports on mental health in the context of the dual factor model, which encompasses both overt manifestations of mental health symptoms and subjective perception of one\'s health status.
METHODS: The objective of this study was to employ a person-oriented approach utilizing cluster analysis to discern time trends in mental health profiles of Nordic adolescents, using their psychosomatic complaints and their perception of their overall health as cluster variables. The resulting health profiles were then subjected to a comparative analysis with regard to different measures of psychological and social adjustment. The mental health profiles were based on data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey, which was conducted among almost 50000 15-year-olds in five Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) between 2002 and 2022.
RESULTS: Mental health profiles exhibiting comparable content were observed in all Nordic countries, including profiles indicating adequate health, perceived good health, perceived poor health, high psychosomatic complaints, and dual health problems (defined as both high psychosomatic complaints and perceived poor health). These health profiles showed similar trends over time in the Nordic countries. Significant gender differences were observed. In 2002, adequate health was the dominant profile for both sexes. After 20 years, however, the high psychosomatic profile became the most common profile among girls. Among the three risk profiles, namely perceived poor health, high psychosomatic complaints and dual health problems, adolescents in the dual problems profile had the most psychological and social adjustment problems.
CONCLUSIONS: The comparatively lower incidence of adjustment problems among adolescents in the high psychosomatic profile relative to the dual mental health group challenges the prevailing view that there has been a sharp increase in mental health problems among Nordic adolescents. This view was largely based on the observed rise in psychosomatic symptoms. Indeed, there was a doubling in the proportion of adolescents in the high psychosomatic complaints profile between 2002 and 2022. This increase was considerably more pronounced than that observed for the dual health problems profile which exhibited most problems.