背景:肌肉减少症和肌肉减少性肥胖(SO)是与年龄相关的综合征,可能损害老年人的身心健康。北欧国家在疾病流行方面与其他地区不同,生活方式的行为,和预期寿命,这可能会影响肌肉减少症和SO的患病率。因此,本研究的目的是回顾北欧国家在该领域的现有证据和差距.
方法:PubMed,Embase,截至2023年2月,搜索了WebofScience(WOS)。此外,检索纳入研究的灰色文献和参考文献列表.两名独立研究人员评估了论文并提取了数据。
结果:在6,363项搜索研究中,有33项研究被纳入本范围综述。肌肉减少症的总体患病率从0.9%到58.5%不等。当考虑定义标准和设置时,社区居住的老年人仍然存在广泛的患病率范围。SO的患病率从4%到11%不等,根据这一领域的唯一研究。根据纳入的研究,肌少症的潜在危险因素包括营养不良,低体力活动,特定疾病(例如,糖尿病),炎症,多药,和衰老,而增加体力活动水平和改善饮食摄入可能会降低少肌症的风险.少数可用的肌肉减少症干预措施主要集中在有/无营养补充剂的阻力训练(例如,蛋白质,维生素D)。
结论:我们的研究结果表明,对SO的研究不足,但对肌少症的研究数量呈上升趋势。然而,大多数纳入的研究都有描述性的横断面设计,小样本量,并应用不同的诊断标准。因此,需要遵循统一的最新指南的大型精心设计的队列研究,才能全面了解北欧国家这两种与年龄相关的医疗状况,并制定相应的预防/治疗计划。
BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity (SO) are age-related syndromes that may compromise physical and mental health among older adults. The Nordic countries differ from other regions on prevalence of disease, life-style behavior, and life expectancy, which may impact prevalence of sarcopenia and SO. Therefore, the aim of this study is to
review the available evidence and gaps within this field in the Nordic countries.
METHODS: PubMed, Embase, and Web of science (WOS) were searched up to February 2023. In addition, grey literature and reference lists of included studies were searched. Two independent researcher assessed papers and extracted data.
RESULTS: Thirty-three studies out of 6,363 searched studies were included in this scoping
review. Overall prevalence of sarcopenia varied from 0.9 to 58.5%. A wide prevalence range was still present for community-dwelling older adults when definition criteria and setting were considered. The prevalence of SO ranged from 4 to 11%, according to the only study on this field. Based on the included studies, potential risk factors for sarcopenia include malnutrition, low physical activity, specific diseases (e.g., diabetes), inflammation, polypharmacy, and aging, whereas increased levels of physical activity and improved dietary intake may reduce the risk of sarcopenia. The few available interventions for sarcopenia were mainly focused on resistance training with/without nutritional supplements (e.g., protein, vitamin D).
CONCLUSIONS: The findings of our study revealed inadequate research on SO but an increasing trend in the number of studies on sarcopenia. However, most of the included studies had descriptive cross-sectional design, small sample size, and applied different diagnostic criteria. Therefore, larger well-designed cohort studies that adhere to uniform recent guidelines are required to capture a full picture of these two age-related medical conditions in Nordic countries, and plan for prevention/treatment accordingly.