背景:解决态度问题对于实现性健康和生殖健康与权利(SRHR)以及2030年议程至关重要。我们旨在开发一个综合指数来衡量对SRHR的态度支持,扩大全球趋势分析和量身定制干预的机会。
方法:我们设计了一个新模块,捕捉对不同维度的SRHR的态度,通过埃塞俄比亚全国代表性的世界价值观调查收集,肯尼亚,和津巴布韦在2020-2021年(n=3,711)。我们对58个项目进行了探索性因素分析,以确定子量表和总体指数。根据社会人口统计学特征,使用调整后的回归模型来评估该指数,按国家和性别分层。
结果:A23项,确定了五因素解决方案,并用于构建反映支持以下方面的分类指数:(1)性权利和生殖权利,(2)邻里性安全,(3)性别平等关系,(4)公平的男性气质规范,和(5)SRHR干预措施。这五个子指数在各个国家和社会经济分组中表现良好,并合并为全面的“SRHR支持指数”,标准化为1-100量表(平均值=39.19,SD=15.27,Cronbachα=0.80),较高的值表明对SRHR的支持更多。肯尼亚的平均值最高(45.48,SD=16.78),其次是埃塞俄比亚(40.2,SD=13.63),津巴布韦最低(32.65,标准差=13.77),没有性别差异。高等教育和单身与更多的支持有关,除了埃塞俄比亚。年轻的年龄和城市居住与男性的更多支持相关。
结论:SRHR支持指数有可能从全面的角度扩大SRHR态度研究-满足了对跟踪一段时间进展的通用措施的需求。
性健康和生殖健康与权利(SRHR)在世界范围内变得越来越两极分化。但是研究人员以前无法完全衡量人们对SRHR的看法。需要对这一主题进行更多的研究,以解决歧视性规范并为所有人推进SRHR。在这项研究中,我们在埃塞俄比亚收集的世界价值观调查中增加了新的问题,肯尼亚,和津巴布韦在2020-2021年。我们使用统计方法来开发一个指数,以捕获个人的态度在多大程度上支持SRHR。这个索引,我们称之为SRHR支持指数,包括23个调查问题,反映了对SRHR五个相关方面的支持。这些方面是(1)性权利和生殖权利,(2)邻里性安全,(3)性别平等关系,(4)公平的男性气质规范,和(5)SRHR干预措施。我们发现肯尼亚的人更支持SRHR,其次是埃塞俄比亚,然后是津巴布韦。男性和女性对SRHR的支持没有差异,但是单身和受过高等教育的人更支持SRHR,除了埃塞俄比亚。生活在城市地区的年轻人也更支持。我们的SRHR支持指数使研究人员,政策制定者,和其他人来衡量世界各国对SRHR的态度,基于来自世界价值观调查的新数据,这些数据可以在线获得。如果与其他数据源结合使用,研究人员还可以调查人们对SRHR的支持是如何联系在一起的,例如,卫生和政策。
BACKGROUND: Addressing attitudes is central to achieving sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) and Agenda 2030. We aimed to develop a comprehensive index to measure attitudinal support for SRHR, expanding opportunities for global trend analyses and tailored interventions.
METHODS: We designed a new module capturing attitudes towards different dimensions of SRHR, collected via the nationally representative World Values Survey in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Zimbabwe during 2020-2021 (n = 3,711). We used exploratory factor analysis of 58 items to identify sub-scales and an overall index. Adjusted regression models were used to evaluate the index according to sociodemographic characteristics, stratified by country and sex.
RESULTS: A 23-item, five-factor solution was identified and used to construct sub-indices reflecting support for: (1) sexual and reproductive rights, (2) neighborhood sexual safety, (3) gender-equitable relationships, (4) equitable masculinity norms, and (5) SRHR interventions. These five sub-indices performed well across countries and socioeconomic subgroups and were combined into a comprehensive \"SRHR Support Index\", standardized on a 1-100 scale (mean = 39.19, SD = 15.27, Cronbach\'s alpha = 0.80) with higher values indicating more support for SRHR. Mean values were highest in Kenya (45.48, SD = 16.78) followed by Ethiopia (40.2, SD = 13.63), and lowest in Zimbabwe (32.65, SD = 13.77), with no differences by sex. Higher education and being single were associated with more support, except in Ethiopia. Younger age and urban residence correlated with more support among males only.
CONCLUSIONS: The SRHR Support Index has the potential to broaden SRHR attitude research from a comprehensive perspective - addressing the need for a common measure to track progress over time.
Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) are becoming increasingly polarized worldwide, but researchers have previously not been able to fully measure what people think about SRHR. More research about this topic is needed to address discriminatory norms and advance SRHR for all. In this study, we added new questions to the World Values Survey collected in Ethiopia, Kenya, and Zimbabwe during 2020–2021. We used statistical methods to develop an index capturing to what extent individuals’ attitudes were supportive of SRHR. This index, which we call the SRHR Support Index, included 23 survey questions reflecting support for five related dimensions of SRHR. Those dimensions were (1) sexual and reproductive rights, (2) neighborhood sexual safety, (3) gender-equitable relationships, (4) equitable masculinity norms, and (5) SRHR interventions. We found that individuals in Kenya were more supportive of SRHR, followed by Ethiopia and then Zimbabwe. There were no differences in support of SRHR between men and women, but individuals who were single and those with higher education were more supportive of SRHR, except in Ethiopia. Younger men living in urban areas were also more supportive. Our SRHR Support Index enables researchers, policymakers, and others to measure attitudes to SRHR in countries across the world and over time, based on new data from the World Values Survey that are readily available online. If combined with other sources of data, researchers can also investigate how people’s support of SRHR is linked to, for example, health and policy.