背景:尼泊尔是气候变化最脆弱的国家之一。气候风险的驱动因素包括其地形,生态多样性,气候变异,依赖自然资源,开发不足,和社会经济脆弱性。气候变化以独特的方式影响妇女和女孩。在亚太地区进行的研究强调了与气候变化相关的压力源(如干旱)对性健康和生殖健康的负面影响,洪水,空气污染,因素也与SRH服务利用率下降有关,孕产妇死亡率上升,以及对女性心理健康的影响。
方法:这是一项在两个流域进行的混合方法研究,包括对384名18-49岁女性的家庭调查,12个焦点小组讨论,和22个关键线人采访。我们进行了描述性和主题分析。
结果:一半以上依靠农业获得收入(66%)。尽管三分之一是户主,土地拥有率较低(13%)。对气候变化的看法包括气温上升(88%),热浪增加(70%),干燥水源(99%),和延迟季风(83%),由于流离失所和男性移民,影响了农业和增加了妇女的工作量(61%)。64%的人报告了产前和产后护理就诊的障碍。雨季无法进入的医疗设施增加了孕产妇死亡风险。严重的河流洪水阻碍了女性社区卫生志愿者的进入,导致分娩并发症。82%的女性担心在气候事件后无法保护自己的孩子。此外,21%的妇女在气候灾难期间或之后面临基于性别的暴力。
结论:我们的研究结果表明,气候变化对妇女和社区产生了明显的影响。因此,气候适应努力必须旨在解决危机对妇女和女孩的独特影响,为他们增加的参与和领导力腾出空间。
BACKGROUND: Nepal is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. The drivers of climate risk include its topography, ecological diversity, climatic variability, natural resource dependency, under-development, and socioeconomic vulnerabilities. Climate change affects women and girls in unique ways. Research conducted in Asia Pacific region highlight negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes from climate change-related stressors such as droughts, floods, and air pollution, factors also linked to decreased SRH services utilization, increased maternal mortality rates, and repercussions on women\'s mental health.
METHODS: This is a mixed methods study conducted in two river basins including household surveys with 384 females ages 18-49, 12 focus group discussions, and 22 key informant interviews. We conducted descriptive and thematic analysis.
RESULTS: More than half relied on agriculture for income (66%). Despite one-third being heads of households, land ownership was low (13%). Climate change perceptions included rising temperatures (88%), increased heat wave (70%), drying water source (99%), and delayed monsoons (83%), impacting agriculture and increasing women\'s workload (61%) due to displacement and male migration. 64% reported disturbances in antenatal and postnatal care visits . Inaccessible healthcare facilities during the rainy season increased maternal mortality risks. Heavy river flooding hindered female community health volunteers access leading to childbirth complications. 82% of women feared being unable to protect their children post-climate events. Moreover, 21% of women faced gender-based violence during or after climate disasters.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest clear impacts of climate change on women and the communities. Thus, climate adaptation efforts must be designed to address the unique impacts of the crisis on women and girls, making space for their increased participation and leadership.