Hydration status plays a key role in healthy ageing, and it is potentially affected by several factors, including drug consumption. However, research on this issue to date is scarce, especially in highly vulnerable groups, such as the elderly. We aimed to study the relationship linking hydration status, analysed by means of a validated questionnaire, 24 h urine analysis, body composition assessment, and drug consumption in a sample of old adults. A total of 144 elders were included in the study. Cardiovascular drug consumption was significantly associated with a lower water intake in men (β = -0.282, p = 0.029). Moreover, urinary analysis revealed that total drug intake as well as the consumption of diuretics and cardiovascular drugs were associated with poorer hydration status, whereas genito-urinary drugs were associated with an opposite effect, and these results were confirmed in terms of body composition. Hence, total drug consumption (β = -0.205), diuretic (β = -0.408), cardiovascular (β = -0.297), and genito-urinary drugs (β = 0.298) were significantly associated (p < 0.05) with total body water. The obtained results confirmed the impact of chronic treatment with certain drugs on hydration status. Nutritional interventions may be of great interest in certain population groups in order to prevent complications due to altered hydration status.

BACKGROUND: Oral fluid intake decreases in advanced cancer in the dying phase of illness. There is inadequate evidence to support the assessment, and management, of hydration in the dying. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a body composition assessment tool. BIA has the potential to inform clinal management in advanced cancer, by examining the relationships between hydration status and clinical variables.
OBJECTIVE: BIA was used to determine the association between hydration status, symptoms, clinical signs, quality-of-life and survival in advanced cancer, including those who are dying (i.e. in the last week of life).
METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study of people with advanced cancer in three centres. Advance consent methodology was used to conduct hydration assessments in the dying. Total body water was estimated using the BIA Impedance index (Height - H (m)2 /Resistance - R (Ohms)). Backward regression was used to identify factors (physical signs, symptoms, quality of life) that predicted H2/R. Participants in the last 7 days of life were further assessed with BIA to assess hydration changes, and its relationship with clinical outcomes.
RESULTS: One hundred and twenty-five people participated (males n = 74 (59.2%), females, n = 51 (40.8%)). We used backward regression analysis to describe a statistical model to predict hydration status in advanced cancer. The model demonstrated that \'less hydration\' (lower H2/R) was associated with female sex (Beta = -0.39, p < 0.001), increased appetite (Beta = -0.12, p = 0.09), increased dehydration assessment scale score (dry mouth, dry axilla, sunken eyes - Beta = -0.19, p = 0.006), and increased breathlessness (Beta = -0.15, p = 0.03). \'More hydration\' (higher H2/R) was associated with oedema (Beta = 0.49, p < 0.001). In dying participants (n = 18, 14.4%), hydration status (H2/R) was not significantly different compared to their baseline measurements (n = 18, M = 49.6, SD = 16.0 vs. M = 51.0, SD = 12.1; t(17) = 0.64, p = 0.53) and was not significantly associated with agitation (rs = -0.85, p = 0.74), pain (rs = 0.31, p = 0.23) or respiratory tract secretions (rs = -0.34, p = 0.19).
CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to use bioimpedance to report a model (using clinical factors) to predict hydration status in advanced cancer. Our data demonstrates the feasibility of using an advance consent method to conduct research in dying people. This method can potentially improve the evidence base (and hence, quality of care) for the dying. Future BIA research can involve hydration assessment of cancers (according to type and stage) and associated variables (e.g., stage of illness, ethnicity and gender). Further work can use BIA to identify clinically relevant outcomes for hydration studies and establish a core outcome set to evaluate how hydration affects symptoms and quality-of-life in cancer.

BACKGROUND: Adequate hydration is essential for maintaining the health and functionality of the human body. This study aimed to examine the association between selected socioeconomic, lifestyle, and health factors and the hydration status of adults with metabolic disorders by analyzing their urine osmolality.
METHODS: The study involved 290 adults aged 18-70 years with metabolic disorders. Separate multivariate logistic regression models were conducted to evaluate the factors associated with urine osmolality in tertiles for women and men. Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were calculated.
RESULTS: In women, the following factors of urine osmolality were identified in 1st tertile: age (OR:1.04), physical activity (moderate/high vs. no/low; OR:0.38), and headaches (no vs. yes; OR:1.55), in 2nd tertile: physical activity (moderate/high vs. no/low; OR:2.46) and fatigue during the day (sometimes vs. never/very rarely; OR:0.45), and in 3rd tertile: age (OR:0.94), professional status (\'I work part-time/I study and I work\' vs. \'I do not work/I study\'; OR:0.27), fatigue during the day (very often vs. never/very rarely; OR:2.55), and headaches (no vs. yes; OR:0.44). In men, the following factors of urine osmolality were identified in 1st tertile: place of residence (city vs. village; OR:2.72) and health assessment (average vs. poor; OR:0.32).
CONCLUSIONS: Different factors affecting urine osmolality have been identified in women and men. These results highlight the need to implement studies to clarify the relationship between socioeconomic, lifestyle and health factors, and hydration status in adults with metabolic disorders.

UNASSIGNED: The purpose of the review was to evaluate the literature exploring nutritional habits and practices in female soccer players.
UNASSIGNED: The PRISMA-ScR Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews were followed. Searches of Web of Science, PubMed and Scopus databases were conducted for studies exploring the nutritional habits and practices of female soccer players.
UNASSIGNED: A total of 72 studies were included in the scoping review. Studies on female soccer players mainly focused on daily energy expenditure, daily energy and macronutrient intake and hydration status. A negative energy balance was consistent across studies, and the ingestion of CHO appears below the current recommendations. Female soccer players are predominately in negative energy balance, which may indicate that they are at risk of low energy availability. A high use of nutritional supplements is apparent in female soccer, whilst a large proportion of players commence training dehydrated.
UNASSIGNED: The current findings have implications for practitioners relating to the planning, management, monitoring, and implementation of nutritional intake and training and competition schedules.

Diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes (T2D), poses an unprecedented challenge to global public health. Hydration status also plays a fundamental role in human health, especially in people with T2D, which is often overlooked. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal associations between hydration status and the risk of T2D among the Chinese population. This study used data from the large community-based Kailuan cohort, which included adults who attended physical examinations from 2006 to 2007 and were followed until 2020. A total of 71,526 participants who eventually met the standards were divided into five hydration-status groups based on their levels of urine specific gravity (USG). Multivariable and time-dependent Cox proportional hazards models were employed to evaluate the associations of baseline and time-dependent hydration status with T2D incidence. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) analysis was used to examine the dose-response relationship between hydration status and the risk of T2D. Over a median 12.22-year follow-up time, 11,804 of the participants developed T2D. Compared with the optimal hydration-status group, participants with dehydration and severe dehydration had a significantly increased risk of diabetes, with adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of 1.30 (1.04-1.63) and 1.38 (1.10-1.74). Time-dependent analyses further confirmed the adverse effects of impending dehydration, dehydration, and severe dehydration on T2D incidence by 16%, 26%, and 33% compared with the reference group. Inadequate hydration is significantly associated with increased risks of T2D among Chinese adults. Our findings provided new epidemiological evidence and highlighted the potential role of adequate hydration status in the early prevention of T2D development.

OBJECTIVE: Both short and long sleep durations are associated with decreased kidney function; however, few studies have examined the relationship between sleep, hydration status, and plain water intake. This study aimed to assess the relationship between sleep quality, hydration status, and plain water intake in pregnant women.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study method was used to collect data from 380 pregnant women with regular examinations at the hospital between May 2019 and February 2021.
RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in daily plain water intake (x2 = 14.118, p = 0.001), PSQI score (x2 = 77.708, p < 0.001), sleep duration (x2 = 67.569, p > 0.001), subjective sleep quality (x2 = 67.441, p = 0.001), time to fall asleep (x2 = 64.782, p < 001), sleep disorders (x2 = 70.853, p < 0.001), and daytime dysfunction (x2 = 38.441, p < 0.001) among different hydration status groups. Ordinal logistic regression results indicated that the intake of plain water ≥1500 mL/d (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.24~0.67), good subjective sleep quality (OR = 0.15, 95% CI = 0.07~0.32), short time to fall asleep (OR = 0.32, 95% CI = 0.14~0.70), 8 h of sleep (OR = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.02~0.17), 6-7 h of sleep (OR = 0.19, 95% CI = 0.07~0.54), no sleep disturbance (OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.11~0.89), and high sleep efficiency (OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.03~0.79) were factors that were correlated with optimal hydration status. Sleep duration and daytime dysfunction partially mediated the effect of plain water intake on hydration status. The mediating effect of sleep duration was -0.036, accounting for 14.006% of the overall effect. The mediating effect of daytime dysfunction was -0.024, accounting for 9.459% of the overall effect.
CONCLUSIONS: The hydration status in pregnant women may be affected by daily plain water intake and sleep quality.

Adequate hydration is essential for good health, and an individual\'s hydration status is determined by the quantity and type of ingested fluids. The aim of the present study was to determine the hydration status of school-age children and evaluate changes in the type and quantity of consumed beverages between 2018 and 2023. The study was conducted in two stages between 2018 and 2023, and a total of 1030 fully completed questionnaires were returned by the children and their parents. A comparison of the parents\' responses regarding factors that affect beverage choices revealed that beverage composition was more significant for the parents in 2023 than in 2018, whereas health-promoting properties were significant for only less than 30% of the respondents. Taste preferences were important for both the parents and the children, and they were the main criterion in the choice of beverages in both 2018 and 2023. In turn, advertising was an important factor for children, and the percentage of children who were guided by advertising in their choice of beverages increased from 52.1% in 2018 to 58.5% in 2023 (p < 0.05). Daily fluid intake from beverages in children aged 11-13 years generally does not meet recommended intakes. Low fluid intake can negatively affect children\'s hydration status and bodily functions. Taste preferences and advertising were correlated with a higher intake of carbonated and non-carbonated sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and dairy beverages. The percentage of children who bought drinks independently and had access to SSBs increased significantly during the analyzed period. Obtain results indicate that nutrition education programs are needed to teach adolescents to make healthy drink choices, limit their consumption of SSBs and EDs, and promote regular intake of natural mineral water and non-sweetened dairy beverages.

The association of hydration knowledge and health habits with hydration status and fluid intake is rarely examined. We sought to determine whether knowledge or physical health behaviors predict physiological hydration status and fluid intake. Ninety-six participants (59 female; 27 ± 10 year) completed the previously validated hydration survey. Participants then recorded total fluids consumed (TFC), collected urine, and tracked void frequency for 24 h. Hydration status was assessed via 24 h urine specific gravity (USG) and osmolality (Uosm). Health behaviors included self-reported physical activity, BMI, smoking, alcoholic drinking, and sleep status. TFC was significantly correlated with 24 h USG (r = -0.390; p < 0.001), Uosm (r = -0.486; p < 0.001), total urine volume (r = 0.675; p < 0.001), and void frequency (r = 0.518; p < 0.001). Hydration knowledge was not correlated with 24 h USG (r = 0.085; p = 0.420), Uosm (r = 0.087; p = 0.419), urine total volume (r = 0.019; p = 0.857), void frequency (r = 0.030; p = 0.771), or TFC (r = 0.027; p = 0.813). Hydration knowledge did not predict 24 h USG (LR+ = 1.10; LR- = 0.90), Uosm (LR+ = 0.81; LR- = 1.35), or TFC (LR+ = 1.00; LR- = 1.00). Health habits did not predict 24 h USG, Uosm, or TFC. In conclusion, self-reported 24 h diet and fluid log recording is comparable to hydration status verification via 24 h urine collection. Hydration knowledge and health habits are not related to, or predictive of, hydration status.

UNASSIGNED: Nutritional intake and sleep, play an important role for recovery and performance in elite sport but little work has been undertaken in archery. The present study aimed to assess energy intake (EI), hydration status, and sleep parameters in world-class male archers over the course of a four-day competition.
UNASSIGNED: Results, Conclusions Six male, elite-standard archers participated in the study and measurements of hydration status, EI, competition load, and sleep were recorded throughout each day of competition.
UNASSIGNED: Daily energy, carbohydrate, and protein intake ranged between 2,563 and 3,986 kcal, 4 and 7.1 g/kg BM, 2.2 and 3.6 g/kg BM per day, respectively. Thus, archers practiced elements of periodized nutrition such that energy and carbohydrate intake was greater on the high-volume competition days (i.e. days 1 and 3; more numbers of arrows, longer duration, and walking distance) in comparison to low-volume days (days 2 and 4) over the tournament (all p > 0.01). Additionally, urine specific gravity was higher after waking, compared to pre- and post-competition, and before bed (all p < 0.05). This indicates that archers were euhydrated pre- and post-competition and before bedtime, while they were slightly hypohydrated after waking up. Sleep data show that disturbances were kept to a minimum.
UNASSIGNED: Collectively, archers appear capable of periodizing their nutritional intake according to daily physical loading during a tournament whilst, staying euhydrated and maintaining sleep quality. In part, such data can help to explain why these archers experience a sustained level of success.

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on the most effective strategy for Postoperative Pulmonary Complication (PPC) reduction. This study hypothesized that a Goal-Directed Fluid Therapy (GDFT) protocol of infusion of predetermined boluses reduces the occurrence of PPC in patients undergoing elective open abdominal surgeries when compared with Standard of Care (SOC) strategy.
METHODS: Randomized, prospective, controlled study, conducted from May 2012 to December 2014, with ASA I, II or III patients undergoing open abdominal surgeries, lasting at least 120 min, under general anesthesia, randomized into the SOC and the GDFT group. In the SOC, fluid administration was according to the anesthesiologist\'s discretion. In the GDFT, the intervention protocol, based on bolus infusion according to blood pressure and delta pulse pressure, was applied. Patients were postoperatively evaluated by an anesthesiologist blinded to the group allocation regarding PPC incidence, mortality, and Length of Hospital Stay (LOHS).
RESULTS: Forty-two patients in the SOC group and 43 in the GDFT group. Nineteen patients (45%) in the SOC and 6 in the GDFT (14%) had at least one PPC (p = 0.003). There was no difference in mortality or LOHS between the groups. Among the patients with PPC, four died (25%), compared to two deaths in patients without PPC (3%) (p = 0.001). The LOHS had a median of 14.5 days in the group with PPC and 9 days in the group without PPC (p = 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: The GDFT protocol resulted in a lower rate of PPC; however, the LOHS and mortality did not reduce.