暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: To date, only a limited number of case reports have documented the co-occurrence of PNS and melanocytic nevus in the medical literature. This study aims to report an exceptionally rare case of posterior chest wall PNS in conjunction with a melanocytic nevus.
METHODS: A 46-year-old female presented with a long-standing black lesion on her left upper posterior chest wall, that had become painful in the two months prior to presentation. There was a painful, dark blue, non-erythematous, and non-tender nodule on the left upper posterior chest wall. Based on the patient\'s desire for cosmetic purposes, the lesion was excised totally with primary closure under local anaesthesia. Histopathological examination revealed intradermal melanocytic nevus with inflamed pilonidal sinus.
CONCLUSIONS: The rarity of posterior chest wall PNS associated with nevi poses unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for clinicians. The distinct anatomical location, different from the conventional region, and the rare association between the two conditions may delay accurate diagnosis and result in mismanagement or inappropriate interventions.
CONCLUSIONS: The posterior chest wall PNS is another type of atypical PNS that is extremely rare. The association between PNS and blue nevus is a fascinating medical finding that deserves further investigation.

This study investigates the differential expression of miRNA gene subtypes in tumoral versus benign nevi in individuals with melanoma, aiming to identify clinically significant correlations that could serve as reliable markers for assessing tumor stage and progression. Conducted between 2019 and 2022, this descriptive, quantitative observational research analyzed 90 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples from the Pius Brinzeu County Emergency Clinical Hospital, Timisoara, including 45 samples of advanced-stage melanoma and 45 samples of pigmented nevi. miRNA purification and analysis were performed using the miRNeasy Kit and the Human Cancer PathwayFinder miScript miRNA PCR Array, with statistical analysis (including logistic regression) to determine associations with cancer staging, such as high Breslow index risk, number of mitoses, and vascular invasion. After the analysis and comparison of 180 miRNA gene subtypes, we selected 10 of the most upregulated and 10 most downregulated genes. The results revealed that hsa-miR-133b, hsa-miR-335-5p, hsa-miR-200a-3p, and hsa-miR-885-5p were significantly upregulated in melanoma samples, with fold changes ranging from 1.09 to 1.12. Conversely, hsa-miR-451a and hsa-miR-29b-3p showed notable downregulation in melanoma, with fold changes of 0.90 and 0.92, respectively. Additionally, logistic regression analysis identified hsa-miR-29b-3p (OR = 2.51) and hsa-miR-200a-3p (OR = 2.10) as significantly associated with an increased risk of a high Breslow index, while hsa-miR-127-3p and hsa-miR-451a were associated with a reduced risk. Conclusively, this study underscores the significant alterations in miRNA expression in melanoma compared to benign nevi and highlights the potential of specific miRNAs as biomarkers for melanoma progression. The identification of miRNAs with significant associations to melanoma characteristics suggests their utility in developing non-invasive, cost-effective diagnostic tools and in guiding therapeutic decisions, potentially improving patient outcomes in melanoma management.

暂无摘要。

Cutaneous melanoma (CM) is a candidate for screening programs because its prognosis is excellent when diagnosed at an early disease stage. Targeted screening of those at high risk for developing CM, a cost-effective alternative to population-wide screening, requires valid procedures to identify the high-risk group. Self-assessment of the number of nevi has been suggested as a component of such procedures, but its validity has not yet been established. We analyzed the level of agreement between self-assessments and examiner assessments of the number of melanocytic nevi in the area between the wrist and the shoulder of both arms based on 4548 study subjects in whom mutually blinded double counting of nevi was performed. Nevus counting followed the IARC protocol. Study subjects received written instructions, photographs, a mirror, and a \"nevometer\" to support self-assessment of nevi larger than 2 mm. Nevus counts were categorized based on the quintiles of the distribution into five levels, defining a nevus score. Cohen\'s weighted kappa coefficient (κ) was estimated to measure the level of agreement. In the total sample, the agreement between self-assessments and examiner assessments was moderate (weighted κ = 0.596). Self-assessed nevus counts were higher than those determined by trained examiners (mean difference: 3.33 nevi). The level of agreement was independent of sociodemographic and cutaneous factors; however, participants\' eye color had a significant impact on the level of agreement. Our findings show that even with comprehensive guidance, only a moderate level of agreement between self-assessed and examiner-assessed nevus counts can be achieved. Self-assessed nevus information does not appear to be reliable enough to be used in individual risk assessment to target screening activities.

Nevus-associated lentigo maligna and lentigo maligna melanoma (NALMM) are rarely described in the literature and are considered an incidental finding. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency of NALMM and its clinicopathological features. A total of 201 histopathology reports were reviewed and among them 20% of the samples corresponded to NALMM, with females overrepresented in this group (p = 0.02). A significant association was also observed between NALMM with the presence of multiple nevi (p = 0.01), and dysplastic nevi (p = 0.04). Moreover, the risk of developing a second melanoma of nevus-associated type was 4.3 times higher in patients with NALMM. These results indicate that NALMM is more frequent than previously reported, suggesting that the associated nevus could interact or even act as a precursor for LM/LMM. Future studies with larger samples allied to techniques like confocal microscopy and molecular analysis are essential to determine this biological link between nevus and LM/LMM.

UNASSIGNED: The purpose of this study was to investigate the spectral characteristics of choroidal nevi and assess the feasibility of quantifying the basal diameter of choroidal nevi using multispectral fundus images captured with trans-palpebral illumination.
UNASSIGNED: The study used a widefield fundus camera with multispectral (625 nm, 780 nm, 850 nm, and 970 nm) trans-palpebral illumination to examine eight subjects diagnosed with choroidal nevi. Geometric features of nevi, including border clarity, overlying drusen, and lesion basal diameter, were characterized. Clinical imagers, including scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO), autofluorescence (AF), and optical coherence tomography (OCT), were utilized for comparative assessment.
UNASSIGNED: Fundus images depicted nevi as dark regions with high contrast against the background. Near-infrared (NIR) fundus images provided enhanced visibility of lesion borders compared to visible fundus images and SLO images. Lesion-background contrast measurements revealed 635 nm SLO at 11% and 625 nm fundus at 42%. Significantly enhanced contrasts were observed in NIR fundus images at 780 nm (73%), 850 nm (63%), and 970 nm (67%). For quantifying the diameter of nevi, NIR fundus images at 780 nm and 850 nm yielded a deviation of less than 10% when compared to OCT measurements.
UNASSIGNED: NIR fundus photography with trans-palpebral illumination enhances nevi visibility and boundary definition compared to SLO. Agreement in diameter measurements with OCT validates the accuracy and reliability of this method for choroidal nevi assessment.
UNASSIGNED: Multispectral fundus imaging with trans-palpebral illumination improves choroidal nevi visibility and accurately measures basal diameter, promising to enhance clinical practices in screening, diagnosis, and monitoring of choroidal nevi.

UNASSIGNED: Atypical neurofibromatous neoplasm with uncertain biologic potential presenting as a paratesticular scrotal mass in a neonate with congenital giant melanocytic nevus is rare. Only one such case of neonatal scrotal neurofibroma has been reported earlier. We report an additional case and its management.

BACKGROUND: Acral melanoma (AM) is the most common subtype of malignant melanoma in China, with a very poor prognosis. Despite the frequent reporting of trauma events in AM cases, the precise etiology of AM remains elusive.
METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on a cohort of 303 AM patients at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital. The patients were categorized into four distinct groups based on different patterns of disease onset: trauma type (Type 1), pigmented nevus type (Type 2), pigmented nevi with trauma (Type 3), and pigmented nevi with natural ulceration (Type 4). Differences in clinicopathological features, genetic alterations, and tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) were analyzed.
RESULTS: Traumatic events accounted for a large proportion of AM cases. Among these categories, Type 1 patients displayed the least favorable pathological traits and an immunosuppressive TIME. Common copy number variations (CNVs) were observed in CCND1, RB1, FGF19, and IL7R, while CNVs in CDK4 and TERT occurred less frequently in patients with a history of trauma (Type 1 and Type 3). Type 2 patients exhibited the most favorable pathological characteristics and genetic profiles, and demonstrated the lowest incidence of CCDN1 and RB1 CNVs but had the highest CDK4 CNVs. In contrast, the pathological behavior of Type 3 and Type 4 patients was in between Type 1 and Type 2. And patients in Type 3 and Type 4 displayed a more favorable overall microenvironment.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides a clinical classification of Chinese AM based on diverse clinical onset characteristics and highlights the important role of trauma in AM. These findings may help to guide the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of AM patients. Further investigations are imperative to elucidate the underlying mechanisms governing the association between trauma and AM.

BACKGROUND: Giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) are usually defined as nevi that exceed 20 cm in maximal diameter or 15% of the total body surface area. There have been reports of life-long malignant change risks arising from GCMN, leading to surgical excision of GCMN. This study aims to evaluate the thickness of melanocytes based on clinical factors in order to provide objective information for the complete resection of the lesion.
METHODS: Overall, 75 patients diagnosed with GCMN between 2000 and 2021 were included, and their clinical records were collected retrospectively. 117 pathologic slides obtained during excision were reviewed to measure nevus thickness. Clinical factors were assessed with a generalized estimated equation model for association with nevus thickness.
RESULTS: The thickness of nevus was significantly associated with the location and size. Nevus thickness was more superficial in the distal extremity than in the head and trunk (P = 0.003 [head]; P < 0.001 [trunk]; P = 0.091 [Proximal extremity]). Nevi sized 60 cm or more were significantly deeper than those measuring 20-29.9 cm (P = 0.035). An interaction between size and location existed (P < 0.001). Trunk and distal extremity lesions consistently exhibited uniform thickness regardless of lesion size, whereas head and proximal extremity lesions showed variations in thickness based on lesion size.
CONCLUSIONS: GCMNs have differences in thickness according to location and size. Therefore, it is necessary to devise an approach optimized for each patient to treat GCMN. In the study, it was emphasized that the thickness of GCMN is correlated with clinical factors, specifically the location and size of the nevus. Consequently, these findings underscore the need for individualized treatment plans for effective surgical intervention.