UNASSIGNED: Improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among hypertensive individuals has emerged as a significant public health issue. However, current research has ignored the individual heterogeneity of perceived social support (PSS) among hypertensive patients. The potential mechanism of delay discounting (DD), living alone, and PSS on HRQoL remains unclear, and further exploration is required.
UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to ascertain PSS profiles among hypertensive patients and examine the hypotheses that DD mediates the relationship between PSS and HRQoL and that this mediating process is moderated by living alone in hypertensive patients.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Jiangsu, China. In total, 1815 hypertensive patients completed socio-demographic and HRQoL questionnaires, a PSS scale, and a DD task. Data analyses included a latent profile analysis, χ2-test, Spearman correlation analysis, and PROCESS macro for regression analysis.
UNASSIGNED: Four potential PSS profiles were identified: lowest (3.2%), moderate-low (26.6%), moderate-high (42.4%), and highest (27.8%). DD mediated the association between PSS and HRQoL. The first half of this mediating process was moderated by living alone.
UNASSIGNED: Our findings indicated that PSS, DD, and living alone significantly influence the HRQoL of individuals with hypertension. Healthcare professionals should consider variations in PSS among hypertensive patients and implement interventions to reduce DD by enhancing PSS, in order to improve the HRQoL of this population.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly dependent on adherence, and adherence behavior is influenced by motivation. The aim of this study was to explore the longitudinal relationship between PrEP motivation and change in adherence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Western China.
METHODS: From November 2019 to June 2021, we conducted a PrEP prospective cohort study. Motivation to take medicine was measured by the PrEP Motivation Scale at baseline, and was grouped into different levels of latent categories by Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). A multinomial logistic regression model was used to explore the longitudinal relationship between change in adherence (improvement, decline, no change) and different levels of PrEP motivation.
RESULTS: MSM were divided into two categories of PrEP motivation, a \"high motivation group\" (n = 506, 69.89%) and a \"low motivation group\" (n = 218, 30.11%). High PrEP motivation had no significant effect on the change in short-term adherence, however, it contributed to the improvement in long-term adherence [odds ratio (OR) = 3.028 (1.100-8.332), p = 0.031]. The predictive power of the adherence model was significantly enhanced with the addition of the PrEP motivation factor.
CONCLUSIONS: There was a positive correlation between high PrEP motivation at baseline and an improvement in long-term adherence. Surveillance and intervention of PrEP motivation in MSM can increase their adherence, and then promote PrEP efficacy.

To explore workers\' well-being during COVID-19, researchers have primarily utilized variable-centered approaches (e.g., regression) focusing on describing workers\' general level of well-being. Given the diversity of factors that may have impacted workers\' well-being during the pandemic, focusing on such well-being trends do not provide sufficient insight into the different lived well-being experiences during the pandemic. Moreover, positive well-being in workers\' general lives and work has been understudied in such complex public health crises. To address these issues, we use latent profile analysis, a person-centered analysis, to explore the diverse well-being realities Canadian workers (employed before COVID-19 or working at the time of the survey) experienced at the beginning of COVID-19. Canadian workers (N = 510) were surveyed between May 20-27th, 2020, on positive (meaning in life, flourishing, thriving at work) and negative (distress, stress, impaired productivity, troublesome symptoms at work) well-being indicators, as well as on factors that may be associated with experiencing different well-being profiles. Five well-being profiles emerged: moderately prospering, prospering, moderately suffering, suffering, and mixed. Factors at the self- (gender, age, disability status, trait resilience), social- (marital status, family functioning, having children at home), workplace- (some employment statuses and work industries, financial strain, job security), and pandemic-related (perceived vulnerability to COVID-19, social distancing) ecological levels predicted profile membership. Recommendations for employers, policymakers, and mental health organizations are discussed.

Vaccine hesitancy and its determinants have been previously widely researched. Vaccine hesitancy has been defined as a continuum of attitudes, ranging from accepting vaccines with doubts to rejecting them. The present study aims to explore the heterogeneity of a childhood-vaccine-hesitant group by using a person-oriented approach-latent profile analysis. A non-representative cross-sectional sample of vaccine-hesitant Slovenians (N = 421, Mage = 35.21, 82.9% women) was used to identify differences based on their reliance on personal research (\"self\" researching instead of relying on science), overconfidence in knowledge, endorsement of conspiracy theories, complementary and alternative medicine, and trust in the healthcare system. The analysis revealed three profiles of vaccine-hesitant individuals. The most hesitant profile-vaccine rejecting-expressed the greatest reliance on personal research, expressed the highest endorsement of conspiracy theories and complementary and alternative medicine, showed moderate overconfidence in their knowledge, and expressed the highest levels of distrust in the healthcare system. We further found differences in sociodemographic structure and that the identified profiles differed in their attitudes regarding MMR, HPV, and Seasonal Influenza vaccinations. The present study demonstrates the heterogeneity of the vaccine-hesitant community and offers insights into some of the traits, which are crucial for designing pro-vaccine campaigns.

Based on the signaling and conservation of resources theories, this study aims to identify different strategic organizational profiles related to occupational health and well-being (OHWB). Additionally, this study explores how these various organizational profiles impact employees\' well-being, specifically in relation to absenteeism, emotional exhaustion, work overload, intention to quit, and job satisfaction. Data were collected from 59 organizations and 2828 employees. The first phase of this study presents the latent profile analysis carried out to identify OHWB organizational profiles. This analysis reveals four organizational profiles that are metaphorically named according to the growth stages of plants (i.e., wasteland, sprouting, budding, and blooming OHWB profiles). The second phase of this study investigates the associations between the latent profiles assigned to the organizations with absenteeism, intention to quit, emotional exhaustion, feelings of work overload, and job satisfaction among their employees using MANOVA. The results show that organizational profiles influence employees\' health and well-being. Employees working in organizations with a low OHWB profile, known as the \"wasteland profile\", tend to report more days of absenteeism, higher levels of emotional exhaustion, greater work overload, and lower job satisfaction. Employees are also more likely to express a greater intention to quit their jobs than those working in organizations with a higher OHWB profile (a \"blooming profile\"). This study is useful for organizations and practitioners seeking to understand how investing in a health and well-being strategy can benefit their employees.

(1) Background: Although abnormal emotion regulation is a key characteristic of youth with prodromal psychotic symptoms and is closely related to the degree of distress caused by these symptoms, research on the internal heterogeneity of emotion regulation within this clinically high-risk population has been insufficient. (2) Methods: The current study analyzed data from 394 college students with prodromal psychotic symptoms, using latent profile analysis (LPA) to identify emotion regulation profiles based on differences in expressive suppression and cognitive reappraisal. One-way ANOVA was employed to examine the relationship between the identified latent profiles and distress of symptoms. (3) Results: Three latent profiles were identified: \"high cognitive reappraisal group\" (n = 117, 29.70%), \"moderate cognitive reappraisal group\" (n = 233, 59.14%), and \"low cognitive reappraisal group\" (n = 44, 11.16%). Significant differences in distress of negative symptoms (F = 9.122, p < 0.05) and perceptual abnormalities (F = 3.103, p < 0.05) were observed across the latent profiles but not in unusual thought content and specific perceptual abnormalities (both p > 0.05). The \"low cognitive reappraisal group\" exhibited the most severe distress of symptoms, followed by the \"moderate cognitive reappraisal group\", while the \"high cognitive reappraisal group\" experienced the least distress. (4) Conclusions: The current study provides evidence for the heterogeneity of emotion regulation among youth with prodromal psychotic symptoms and reveals differences in distress of perceptual abnormalities and negative symptoms between the latent profiles of emotion regulation. These findings support the development of targeted psychological interventions to alleviate the distress of symptoms and improve quality of life.

BACKGROUND: Developmental trajectories of clinical skills in training physicians vary among tasks and show interindividual differences. This study examined the predictors of medical internship performance and residency entrance and found subtypes of performance trajectory in training physicians.
METHODS: This retrospective cohort study involved 888 training physicians who completed a medical internship between 2015 and 2019. After the internship, 627 physicians applied for residency training between 2016 and 2020. Finally, 160 of them completed their first-year residency in internal medicine, surgery, pediatrics, and psychiatry departments between 2016 and 2020. Pearson\'s correlation coefficients of internship performance and first year-residency performance (n = 160) were calculated. Latent profile analysis identified performance trajectory subtypes according to medical school grade point average (GPA), internship performance, English proficiency, and residency selection procedures. Multivariate logistic regression models of residency acceptance (n = 627) and performance in the top 30%/lower 10% in the first year of residency were also constructed.
RESULTS: Medical internship performance showed a significant positive correlation with the medical school GPA (r = 0.194) and the written score for the medical licensing examination (r = 0.125). Higher scores in the interview (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.57) and written examination (aOR, 1.45) of residency selection procedures and higher medical internship performance (aOR, 1.19) were associated with a higher chance of residency acceptance. The latent profile analyses identified three training physician subgroups: average performance, consistently high performance (top 30%), and adaptation to changes (lowest 10%). Higher scores in the interview for residency selection (aOR, 1.35) and lower scores for medical internship performance (aOR, 0.79) were associated with a higher chance of performing in the top 30% or lowest 10% in the first year of residency, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS: Performance in the interview and medical internship predicted being among the top 30% and lowest 10% of performers in the first year of residency training, respectively. Individualized educational programs to enhance the prospect of trainees becoming high-functioning physicians are needed.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the latent profiles and predictors of family management styles for children with asthma.
METHODS: This is a secondary data analysis. The demographic data of 506 primary caregivers of children with asthma and their scores of the Family Management Scale in a cross-sectional study were used. Latent profile analysis and multiple logistic regression analyses were employed.
RESULTS: Three family management styles were identified: Thriving (Profile 1), Accommodating (Profile 2), and Enduring (Profile 3) Family Management Style. The child\'s age, gender, mother\'s education level, family structure, influence of illness on parents\' work and family life, whether they had follow-up plans and whether their parents had read disease and health knowledge pamphlets were found to be the predictors of different styles.
CONCLUSIONS: Three distinct family management styles exist for children with asthma. Future interventions designed to enhance family management for children with asthma should be based on their demographic characteristics and family management styles.
UNASSIGNED: The precise classification of family management styles in this study can serve as a guide to form multi-disciplinary teams of physicians and nurses to provide individualized care and conduct in-depth research to explore the mechanisms of biomedicine and the social psychology of asthma in the future.
CONCLUSIONS: This paper aims to identify the latent profiles and predictors of family management styles of children with asthma. Thriving, accommodating, and enduring family management styles were identified in this paper. Child\'s characteristics, family and organizational factors were the predictors of different family management styles. Findings of this paper provide guidance for physicians and nurses to offer individualized care and conduct in-depth research to explore the mechanisms of biomedicine and the social psychology of asthma in the future.
UNASSIGNED: The article was reported according to the STROBE Checklist.
UNASSIGNED: No Patient or Public Contribution.

UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to examine the latent profile of nurses\' mental workload (MWL) and explore the influencing factors via a person-centred approach.
UNASSIGNED: From March to July 2023, a quantitative cross-sectional study was carried out to investigate 526 Chinese clinical nurses from five tertiary hospitals in Sichuan Province, China, by using demographic information, the Perceived Social Support Scale, Simplified Coping Skill Questionnaire, and NASA-Task Load Index. Latent profile analyses were performed using Mplus 7.3 software. Pearson\'s chi-squared and logistic regression analysis was done using SPSS 24.0 software.
UNASSIGNED: Three profiles of mental workload were identified based on the nurses\' responses to the mental workload assessment, designated as \"low MWL-high self-rated (n = 70, 13.3%)\", \"moderate MWL (n = 273, 51.9%)\", and \"high MWL-low self-rated (n = 183, 34.8%)\". Based on the analysis of the three subtypes, nurses with working years < 5 years (χ 2  = 12.135, P < 0.05), no children (χ 2  = 16.182, P < 0.01), monthly income < 6000 (χ 2  = 55.231, P < 0.001), poor health status (χ 2  = 39.658, P < 0.001), no psychological training in the past year (χ2 = 56.329, P < 0.001) and suffering from workplace violence (χ 2  = 19.803, P < 0.001) were significantly associated with MWL. Moreover, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that negative coping styles (OR = 1.146, 95% CI: 1.060-1.238, P = 0.001) were accompanied by higher MWL while negatively associated with perceived social support (OR = 0.927, 95% CI: 0.900-0.955, P < 0.001).
UNASSIGNED: Our results showed that the MWL of nurses could be classified into three subtypes. Monthly income, health status, psychological training, workplace violence, negative coping style, and perceived social support were the factors influencing MWL. Managers can employ personalised intervention strategies according to the individual characteristics of different subgroups to reduce nurses\' MWL.

Rest-activity behavior clusters within individuals to form patterns are of significant importance to their intrinsic capacity (IC), yet they have rarely been studied. A total of 1253 community-dwelling older adults were recruited between July and December 2021 based on the baseline survey database of the Fujian Prospective Cohort Study on Aging. Latent profile analysis was used to identify profiles of participants based on rest-activity behaviors, whereas logistic regression analysis was carried out to investigate the relationship between profiles and IC. We identified three latent profiles including: (1) Profile 1-labeled \"Gorillas\": High physical activity (PA), moderate sedentary behaviors (SB), screen time (ST) and sleep (n = 154, 12%), (2) Profile 2-labeled as \"Zebras\": Moderate PA, low SB, ST and high sleep (n = 779, 62%), and (3) Profile 3-labeled as\"Koalas\": High SB, ST, low PA and sleep (n = 320, 26%). Logistic regression revealed a negative correlation between low IC and the \"Gorillas\" profile (β = - 0.945, P < 0.001) as well as the \"Zebras\" profile (β = - 0.693, P < 0.001) among community-dwelling older adults, with the \"Koalas\" profile showing the weakest IC compared to the other profiles. The demographic traits i.e., female, older age, living alone, and low educational level also correlated with low IC. Identifying trends of rest-activity behaviors may help in drawing focus on older adults at risk of decreasing IC, and develop personalized improvement plans for IC.