Research on social anxiety (SA) over the years has revealed its associations with different psychopathological symptoms. This study aims to characterize SA profiles in a sample of Spanish adolescents and explore their differences in psychopathological symptoms. Data from 1,288 Spanish students in the 15 to 18 age range (M = 16.30, SD = 0.97, 47.5% female) were collected using random cluster sampling. The Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A) and the Symptom Assessment-45 Questionnaire (SA-45) were employed. Four SA profiles were revealed by the Latent Profile Analysis (LPA): extreme SA, high SA, moderate SA, and low SA. Statistically significant differences in psychopathological symptoms were revealed by the MANOVA (effect sizes from d = -2.13 to d = -0.37). The extreme SA profile exhibited the most severe psychopathological symptoms, whereas the low SA profile displayed the mildest manifestations. Proposed interventions aim to support adolescents with SA risk profiles.

This study identified psychological profiles based on depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, positive affect, and posttraumatic growth in 298 patients receiving maintenance dialysis, and examined their relationships with self-management at baseline and 1-year follow-up. Five psychological response profiles were identified: well-being (42.95%), resilient (26.17%), moderate-distress-with-growth (17.79%), distressed (11.07%), and high-distress-with-growth (2.01%). Patients were more likely to be in the distressed profile if they were younger, had less social support, received peritoneal dialysis, and suffered from a greater symptom burden of kidney disease. The well-being profile showed better self-management behavior at baseline and 1-year follow-up. The distressed profile was associated with worse self-management at baseline and the resilient profile was associated with worse self-management at follow-up. The findings highlighted the beneficial role of positive psychological constructs in promoting self-management behavior, which implied that beyond eliminating psychological distress, it is important to facilitate positive psychological well-being.

UNASSIGNED: Improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among hypertensive individuals has emerged as a significant public health issue. However, current research has ignored the individual heterogeneity of perceived social support (PSS) among hypertensive patients. The potential mechanism of delay discounting (DD), living alone, and PSS on HRQoL remains unclear, and further exploration is required.
UNASSIGNED: This study aimed to ascertain PSS profiles among hypertensive patients and examine the hypotheses that DD mediates the relationship between PSS and HRQoL and that this mediating process is moderated by living alone in hypertensive patients.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Jiangsu, China. In total, 1815 hypertensive patients completed socio-demographic and HRQoL questionnaires, a PSS scale, and a DD task. Data analyses included a latent profile analysis, χ2-test, Spearman correlation analysis, and PROCESS macro for regression analysis.
UNASSIGNED: Four potential PSS profiles were identified: lowest (3.2%), moderate-low (26.6%), moderate-high (42.4%), and highest (27.8%). DD mediated the association between PSS and HRQoL. The first half of this mediating process was moderated by living alone.
UNASSIGNED: Our findings indicated that PSS, DD, and living alone significantly influence the HRQoL of individuals with hypertension. Healthcare professionals should consider variations in PSS among hypertensive patients and implement interventions to reduce DD by enhancing PSS, in order to improve the HRQoL of this population.

People\'s subjective sense of meaning in life is a flourishing research topic in psychology but remains underexplored in sport psychology. This study uses a person-oriented method to shed light on meaning in the lives of elite athletes (i.e., latent profile analysis) to identify distinct profiles of sources of meaning in life, and compare the extent to which these profiles differ in relation to athletic identity, life satisfaction, and self-esteem. A sample of 593 Swiss elite athletes (50.4% women, 49.6% men; Mage = 24.78 years, SD = 4.93) participated in the study. The Meaning and Purpose Scales (MAPS) were used to assess athletes\' perceptions of meaningfulness, crisis of meaning, and sources of meaning. Athletes demonstrated higher overall meaningfulness, lower crisis of meaning, and prioritized different sources of meaning compared to the general population. Latent profile analysis revealed three distinct meaning profiles: (1) athletes with multiple meanings (n = 351), (2) athletes with low meaning (n = 126), and (3) faith-based athletes (n = 110). Notably, the athletes in the first and last profile exhibited higher life satisfaction and self-esteem. The identified profiles demonstrate that athletes differ both in the degree and the types of meaning in life. The findings align with studies outside of sport that suggest that meaning in life, in addition to being an end-value in itself, is also related to enhanced life satisfaction and self-esteem. Personalized meaning-focused interventions can be valuable for applied practice with elite athletes.

UNASSIGNED: The widespread exposure to plastic products and the increasing number of individuals with cognitive impairments have imposed a heavy burden on society.
UNASSIGNED: This study aims to investigate the relationship between plastic product exposure in daily life and cognitive function in older Chinese individuals.
UNASSIGNED: Data were obtained from the 2023 Ningxia Older Psychological Health Cohort, comprising 4045 participants aged 60 and above. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination scale. A population-based plastic exposure questionnaire was used to calculate plastic exposure scores (PES). Binary logistic regression was employed to analyze the relationship between PES and cognitive function, while restricted cubic splines were used to examine the dose-response relationship between PES and cognitive function. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was employed to explore the potential patterns of plastic exposure, and logistic regression was used to investigate the relationship between different exposure patterns and cognitive function. A linear regression model was utilized to investigate the relationship between PES and different dimensions of cognitive function.
UNASSIGNED: Among the 4045 participants, 1915 individuals were assessed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). After adjusting for all covariates, PES (OR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.02-1.06) was significantly associated with the risk of MCI and exhibited a dose-response relationship. LPA identified two potential categories of plastic exposure, with a higher risk of MCI observed in the group using plastic utensils.
UNASSIGNED: This study indicates a positive correlation between plastic exposure levels and MCI risk, particularly among individuals who frequently use plastic tableware.

Relationship education has shown promising effects for low-income couples on outcomes such as promoting positive communication, improving global relationship satisfaction, parenting, and individual psychological distress. Studies also indicate that couples\' baseline distress (e.g., relational and individual) moderates outcomes. Yet, few studies implemented a person-centered approach to analyzing data for those who participate in relationship education. In a sample of 488 low-income opposite-gendered couples, we identified latent profile groups for men and women based on self-reported relationship satisfaction and behavioral self-regulation scores, thus incorporating both relational and individual factors. Results yielded a three-class solution for men and a four-class solution for women. We then examined group profile differences in individual psychological distress and relationship satisfaction change scores after completing the relationship education intervention (12 h of PREP\'s Within Our Reach). Results indicated significant differences, suggesting that group membership can predict overall improvements in both psychological and relationship distress. Thus, RE programmers and policymakers may consider flexible delivery (e.g., more or less content; more or less intense coaching) that considers overall baseline relational and/or individual functioning as opposed to a one-size-fits-all method.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly dependent on adherence, and adherence behavior is influenced by motivation. The aim of this study was to explore the longitudinal relationship between PrEP motivation and change in adherence among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Western China.
METHODS: From November 2019 to June 2021, we conducted a PrEP prospective cohort study. Motivation to take medicine was measured by the PrEP Motivation Scale at baseline, and was grouped into different levels of latent categories by Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). A multinomial logistic regression model was used to explore the longitudinal relationship between change in adherence (improvement, decline, no change) and different levels of PrEP motivation.
RESULTS: MSM were divided into two categories of PrEP motivation, a \"high motivation group\" (n = 506, 69.89%) and a \"low motivation group\" (n = 218, 30.11%). High PrEP motivation had no significant effect on the change in short-term adherence, however, it contributed to the improvement in long-term adherence [odds ratio (OR) = 3.028 (1.100-8.332), p = 0.031]. The predictive power of the adherence model was significantly enhanced with the addition of the PrEP motivation factor.
CONCLUSIONS: There was a positive correlation between high PrEP motivation at baseline and an improvement in long-term adherence. Surveillance and intervention of PrEP motivation in MSM can increase their adherence, and then promote PrEP efficacy.

The Integrated Change Model describes several social and cognitive factors (e.g., health attitudes, social support, self-efficacy) that can affect medication adherence. Guided by this model, we sought to identify profiles of socio-cognitive facilitators of ART (antiretroviral therapy) adherence among diversely minoritized persons living with HIV enrolled in a behavioral intervention trial in Atlanta, Georgia (N = 477). To do this, we performed latent profile analysis on baseline responses to scales assessing 6 indicators of interest: HIV-care self-efficacy, social support, TasP (treatment-as-prevention) beliefs, trust in healthcare providers, perceived need for ART, and trust in ART. We regressed emergent profiles on internalized, enacted, and microaggressive HIV stigma and compared prospective 30-day ART adherence and several cross-sectional HIV outcomes across profiles. Mean age was 29 years; 83% of participants were non-Hispanic Black, 53% were gay/homosexual-identifying, and 12% were gender expansive. Three profiles emerged: \"Constrained/Capable\" (6%), featuring high self-efficacy but low-moderate provider trust, social support, TasP beliefs, ART trust, and ART need; \"Conflicted\" (13%), featuring high TasP beliefs, provider trust, and ART need but moderate self-efficacy, ART trust, and social support; and \"Motivated\" (81%), featuring high levels of all indicators. Greater internalized, enacted, and microaggressive stigma were positively associated with \"Conflicted\" relative to \"Motivated\" profile membership. ART-nonadherence, unsuppressed viral load, and viral load unawareness were more likely for the \"Conflicted\" relative to the \"Motivated\" profile. Personalized HIV care tailored to such profiles may improve ART adherence and related outcomes for minoritized persons living with HIV.

BACKGROUND: Widowhood, as a traumatic event in the aging process, may lead to adverse psychological consequences such as anxiety and depression. However, the heterogeneity of anxiety and depression comorbidity patterns in widowed elderly and the interrelationships between symptoms have not been adequately studied.
METHODS: 10,239 elderly aged 65 years and older were screened from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS 2017-2018), to assess depression and anxiety using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire (GAD). The subgroups of widowed elderly with similar patterns of symptoms were identified by latent profile analysis (LPA). The structure of anxiety-depressive comorbidity network was characterized using \"bridge expected influence\" as centrality indices. Network stability was tested using a case drop bootstrap program. A network comparison test (NCT) was performed to examine the differences in network characteristics across LPA subgroups.
RESULTS: LPA identified dichotomous profiles: low comorbid (n = 4457) and high comorbid (n = 692). NCT revealed a significant difference in the global strength between networks (S = 0.631, p < 0.001). GAD1 (Nervousness or anxiety) is the common bridging symptom for both networks, while the bridging symptom for the high comorbidity network also includes GAD3 (Generalized worry).
CONCLUSIONS: Cross-sectional methods are unable to verify causal relationships, and further randomized controlled trials are warranted.
CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety-depressive pattern in Chinese widowed elderly can be categorized into a low comorbid or a high comorbid group. GAD3 (Generalized worry) can be used as the core intervention target during intervention.

Patients with persistent somatic symptoms (PSS) often receive either somatic or psychiatric care, depending on whether symptoms are respectively medically explained (MES) or unexplained (MUS). This separation may not be as clinically relevant as previously assumed; however, research on data-driven subgroups within cohorts of older patients with PSS is not available. Our goal is to identify more clinically relevant homogeneous subgroups beyond the distinction of MUS and MES among older patients with PSS by using a data-driven approach. We performed two Latent Profile Analyses (LPAs), one focused on 6 somatic health measures, the other on 6 psychosocial measures, using data from a case-control study with participants (>60 years) with MUS (N = 118) or MES (N = 154), recruited from the general public, general practices and secondary healthcare. We identified two somatic-health based (strong, vulnerable) and four mental-health based (strong, vulnerable, lonely, non-acceptance) profiles. We found no statistically significant overlap between the somatic - and mental health profiles (κ = 0.019). Health related quality of life negatively associated with the mentally - and somatically vulnerable profiles. We conclude that singular focus on MUS/MES distinction in the care for older PSS patients may lead to undertreatment of the most vulnerable patients. Integrated care is recommended when treating persistent somatic symptoms in later life, regardless of the (un)explained origin of the symptoms.