蜱通过传播疏螺旋体对宿主构成重大威胁。,它们被归类为莱姆,复发性伯氏热病(RF),与爬行动物和单质动物相关的疏螺旋体。RF疏螺旋体包括一组主要由软蜱传播的疏螺旋体,但它的一些成员也可以通过硬蜱传播。有关tick传播的RF疏螺旋体的检测和遗传表征的信息,包括伯氏螺旋体,在亚洲尤其罕见,特别是在巴基斯坦。在这里,我们采用分子技术检测从开伯尔·普赫图赫瓦省的家畜中收集的硬蜱中的疏螺旋体,巴基斯坦。对蜱进行形态分析,然后进行DNA提取和PCR扩增疏螺旋体16SrRNA和flaB基因的部分片段。共收集到264个寄主的729个蜱,其中最普遍的是血友病(12.9%;94/729),其次是Hyalommaanatolicum(11.7%;85/729),微小根脉(10.0%;73/729),血友病(9.1%;66/729),双皮毛(8.5%;62/729),血根虫(8%;58/729),蒙哥马利血友病(6.2%;45/729),根皮phanusturanicus(5.5%;40/729),口蹄疫和kashmirensis(4.4%;各32/729),血根虫(4.1%;30/729),血栓性和Hyalommascupense(3.8%;各28/729),丹尼利血友病(2.9%;21/729),Hyalommakumari(2.6%;19/729),和Hyalommaisaaci(2.2%;16/729)。基于16SrRNA检测疏螺旋体。,只有turanicus产生了积极的结果,总体感染率为0.3%(2/160),在使用基于flaB的检测时,四个蜱物种,包括R.microplus,R.Turanicus,哈。苏卡塔,还有哈。Cornupunctata显示出积极的结果,总感染率为6.9%(11/160)。从山羊中扩增的疏螺旋体16SrRNA和flaB的DNA片段与疏螺旋体共享100%和99.40%的最大同一性,分别。来自母牛和绵羊的R.microplus中扩增的疏螺旋体flaB片段与B.theileri具有100%的同一性,虽然flaB碎片在哈。Cornupunctata和Ha.来自山羊的sulcata显示出99.32%和99.75%的身份与未确定的RF疏螺旋体属。,分别。系统发育分析显示,来自同一物种的R.microplus和R.turanicus的B.theileri聚类,而疏螺旋体属。从哈。Cornupunctata和Ha.具有不确定RF的疏螺旋体属。值得注意的是,这项研究标志着B.theileri在turanicus中的第一个文献以及RF疏螺旋体的鉴定。在哈。Cornupunctata和Ha.苏尔卡塔.
Ticks pose significant threats to hosts by transmitting Borrelia spp., which are grouped into Lyme borreliae, relapsing fever borreliae (RF), and reptiles- and monotremes-associated borreliae. The RF borreliae encompass a group of Borrelia species predominantly transmitted by soft ticks, but some of its members can also be transmitted by hard ticks. Information on the detection and genetic characterization of tick-borne RF borreliae, including Borrelia theileri, is notably rare in Asia, particularly in Pakistan. Herein, we employed molecular techniques to detect borreliae in hard ticks collected from domestic animals in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Ticks were subjected to morphological analysis, followed by DNA extraction and PCR amplification of partial fragments of borrelial 16S rRNA and flaB genes. A total of 729 ticks were collected from 264 hosts, with Haemaphysalis cornupunctata (12.9%; 94/729) being the most prevalent, followed by Hyalomma anatolicum (11.7%; 85/729), Rhipicephalus microplus (10.0%; 73/729), Haemaphysalis kashmirensis (9.1%; 66/729), Haemaphysalis bispinosa (8.5%; 62/729), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (8%; 58/729), Haemaphysalis montgomeryi (6.2%; 45/729), Rhipicephalus turanicus (5.5%; 40/729), Hyalomma dromedarii and Ixodes kashmirensis (4.4%; 32/729 each), Rhipicephalus haemaphysaloides (4.1%; 30/729), Haemaphysalis sulcata and Hyalomma scupense (3.8%; 28/729 each), Haemaphysalis danieli (2.9%; 21/729), Hyalomma kumari (2.6%; 19/729), and Hyalomma isaaci (2.2%; 16/729). Based on 16S rRNA detection of Borrelia spp., only R. turanicus yielded positive results, resulting in an overall infection rate of 0.3% (2/160), while using flaB-based detection, four tick species including R. microplus, R. turanicus, Ha. sulcata, and Ha. cornupunctata showed positive results, yielding an overall infection rate of 6.9% (11/160). The amplified DNA fragments of borrelial 16S rRNA and flaB in R. turanicus from goats shared maximum identities of 100 and 99.40% with Borrelia theileri, respectively. Amplified borrelial flaB fragments in R. microplus from cows and sheep displayed 100% identity with B. theileri, while flaB fragments in Ha. cornupunctata and Ha. sulcata from goats revealed identities of 99.32 and 99.75% with undetermined RF Borrelia spp., respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of B. theileri from R. microplus and R. turanicus with the same species, while Borrelia spp. from Ha. cornupunctata and Ha. sulcata with undetermined RF Borrelia spp. Notably, this research marks the first documentation of B. theileri in R. turanicus and the identification of RF Borrelia spp. in Ha. cornupunctata and Ha. sulcata.