PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The Americas hold the greatest bird diversity worldwide. Likewise, ectoparasite diversity is remarkable, including ticks of the Argasidae and Ixodidae families - commonly associated with birds. Considering that ticks have potential health implications for humans, animals, and ecosystems, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effects of bioclimatic, geographic variables, and bird species richness on tick infestation on wild birds across the Americas. We identified 72 articles that met our inclusion criteria and provided data on tick prevalence in wild birds. Using Generalized Additive Models, we assessed the effect of environmental factors, such as habitat type, climatic conditions, bird species richness, and geographic location, on tick infestation. Our findings show that most bird infestation case studies involved immature ticks, such as larvae or nymphs, while adult ticks represented only 13% of case studies. We found birds infested by ticks of the genera Amblyomma (68%), Ixodes (22%), Haemaphysalis (5%), Dermacentor (1%), and Rhipicephalus (0.8%) in twelve countries across the Americas. Our findings revealed that temperature variation and bird species richness were negatively associated with tick infestation, which also varied with geographic location, increasing in mid-latitudes but declining in extreme latitudes. Our results highlight the importance of understanding how environmental and bird community factors influence tick infestation in wild birds across the Americas and the dynamics of tick-borne diseases and their impact on biodiversity.
摘要：
美洲拥有世界上最大的鸟类多样性。同样，外寄生虫多样性显著，包括Argasidae和Ixodidae家族的蜱虫-通常与鸟类有关。考虑到蜱对人类有潜在的健康影响，动物,和生态系统，我们进行了系统评价，以评估生物气候的影响，地理变量，美洲各地野生鸟类的蜱虫侵扰和鸟类物种丰富。我们确定了72篇符合我们纳入标准的文章，并提供了有关野生鸟类蜱流行率的数据。使用广义加性模型，我们评估了环境因素的影响，如栖息地类型，气候条件,鸟类物种丰富度，地理位置,蜱虫侵扰。我们的发现表明，大多数鸟类侵扰案例研究涉及未成熟的蜱，如幼虫或若虫，而成年蜱只占案例研究的13%。我们发现鸟类被弱视属的蜱虫感染(68%)，Ixodes（22%），血友病（5%），Dermacentor(1%),和Rhipicephalus(0.8%)在美洲的12个国家。我们的发现表明，温度变化和鸟类物种丰富度与tick虫感染呈负相关，这也随地理位置而变化，在中纬度地区增加，但在极端纬度地区下降。我们的研究结果强调了了解环境和鸟类群落因素如何影响美洲野生鸟类的蜱虫侵扰以及蜱传播疾病的动态及其对生物多样性的影响的重要性。
