PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Hard ticks (Ixodidae) play a critical role in transmitting various tick-borne diseases (TBDs), posing significant global threats to human and animal health. Climatic factors influence the abundance, diversity, and vectorial capacity of tick vectors. It is imperative to have a comprehensive understanding of hard ticks, pathogens, eco-epidemiology, and the impact of climatic changes on the transmission dynamics of TBDs. The distribution and life cycle patterns of hard ticks are influenced by diverse ecological factors that, in turn, can be impacted by changes in climate, leading to the expansion of the tick vector\'s range and geographical distribution. Vector competence, a pivotal aspect of vectorial capacity, involves the tick\'s ability to acquire, maintain, and transmit pathogens. Hard ticks, by efficiently feeding on diverse hosts and manipulating their immunity through their saliva, emerge as competent vectors for various pathogens, such as viruses, parasites and bacteria. This ability significantly influences the success of pathogen transmission. Further exploration of genetic diversity, population structure, and hybrid tick vectors is crucial, as they play a substantial role in influencing vector competence and complicating the dynamics of TBDs. This comprehensive review deals with important TBDs in India and delves into a profound understanding of hard ticks as vectors, their biology, and the factors influencing their vector competence. Given that TBDs continue to pose a substantial threat to global health, the review emphasizes the urgency of investigating tick control strategies and advancing vaccine development. Special attention is given to the pivotal role of population genetics in comprehending the genetic diversity of tick populations and providing essential insights into their adaptability to environmental changes.
摘要：
硬蜱（Ixodidae）在传播各种蜱传播疾病（TBD）中起关键作用，对人类和动物健康构成重大全球威胁。气候因素影响丰度，多样性,和刻度向量的矢量容量。必须全面了解硬蜱,病原体,生态流行病学，以及气候变化对TBD传输动力学的影响。硬蜱的分布和生命周期模式受到不同生态因素的影响,反过来,会受到气候变化的影响，导致刻度向量的范围和地理分布的扩大。矢量能力，矢量能力的一个关键方面，涉及蜱虫的获取能力，保持,并传播病原体。硬蜱,通过有效地喂养不同的宿主并通过唾液控制它们的免疫力，成为各种病原体的有效载体，如病毒，寄生虫和细菌。这种能力显著影响病原体传播的成功。进一步探索遗传多样性，人口结构,混合蜱矢量至关重要，因为它们在影响媒介能力和使TBD动态复杂化方面发挥着重要作用。这篇全面的综述涉及印度重要的TBD，并深入研究了对硬蜱作为载体的深刻理解，他们的生物学,以及影响其媒介能力的因素。鉴于TBD继续对全球健康构成重大威胁，该综述强调了研究蜱虫控制策略和推进疫苗开发的紧迫性。特别注意种群遗传学在理解tick虫种群的遗传多样性并提供有关其对环境变化的适应性的重要见解方面的关键作用。
