背景:内疚和羞耻调节着人类的基本过程,如社会认知和关系。两种情绪也涉及与创伤相关的精神障碍的病因和维持,例如创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)。然而,目前缺乏一个足够捕捉这些结构的简洁尺度,阻碍研究努力更彻底地理解它们。目的:为此,我们用英语开发了八项内疚和羞耻问卷(GSQ-8),德语,和荷兰人。方法:我们检查了GSQ-8在寻求儿童创伤相关创伤后应激障碍治疗的成人临床样本中的信度和效度(n=209),至少有一个创伤生活事件的成年人样本报告不同程度的PTSD症状(n=556),和成人的非临床样本(n=156)。结果:理论驱动的验证性因素分析证实了两个相关的潜在因素内和羞耻,每个因素有四个项目。在所有样品中,双因素模型比单因素解决方案产生更好的模型拟合。三个样本的测量不变性,性别,荷兰语和德语大多建立。内疚和羞耻综合评分与PTSD症状相关,抑郁症状,生活满意度,心理健康相关的生活质量,和自责,从而支持量表的有效性。重要的是,两个分量表都能预测PTSD症状,抑郁症,生活满意度,和心理健康相关的生活质量,而不是自责的认知。结论:GSQ-8是一种简约的,可靠,和有效的工具来评估内疚和羞愧的临床,亚临床,和非临床人群,允许广泛的研究问题的应用。
我们提出了8项内疚和羞耻问卷(GSQ-8),一种评估内疚和羞愧的吝啬工具。我们发现GSQ-8在三个样本和不同语言中具有很强的心理测量特性。GSQ-8可以可靠地用于评估临床和非临床工作中的羞耻和内疚。
Background:
Guilt and shame regulate basic human processes such as social cognition and relations. Both emotions are also involved in the aetiology and maintenance of trauma-related mental disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, a concise scale that adequately captures these constructs is currently lacking, impeding research efforts to understand them more thoroughly.Objective: To this end, we developed the eight-item
Guilt and Shame Questionnaire (GSQ-8) in English, German, and Dutch.Method: We examined the reliability and validity of the GSQ-8 in a clinical sample of adults seeking treatment for childhood-trauma-related posttraumatic stress disorder (n = 209), a sample of adults who had suffered at least one traumatic life event reporting different levels of PTSD symptoms (n = 556), and a non-clinical sample of adults (n = 156).Results: Theory-driven confirmatory factor analyses confirmed two correlated latent factors
guilt and shame with four items for each factor. Across all samples, two-factor models yielded better model fit than one-factor solutions. Measurement invariance across the three samples, gender, and Dutch and German language was mostly established.
Guilt and shame composite scores were associated with PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, life satisfaction, mental health-related quality of life, and self-blame, thus supporting scale validity. Importantly, both subscales predicted PTSD symptoms, depression, life satisfaction, and mental health-related quality of life over and above cognitions of self-blame.Conclusions: The GSQ-8 is a parsimonious, reliable, and valid tool to assess guilt and shame in clinical, sub-clinical, and non-clinical populations, allowing applications across a broad range of research questions.
We present the 8-item
Guilt and Shame Questionnaire (GSQ-8), a parsimonious tool to assess
guilt and shame.We found strong psychometric properties of the GSQ-8 across three samples and different languages.The GSQ-8 can be reliably used to assess shame and guilt in clinical and non-clinical work.