尽管听觉言语幻觉(AVHs)长期以来与精神疾病有关,它们也代表了非临床人群的共同经历,但不要表现出痛苦或需要照顾。羞耻和内疚是与一个人对自己的感知和一个人的责任有关的情绪。因此,他们把我们的注意力集中在研究不足和难以捉摸的AVHs方面,特别是关于声音作为其他人的地位,他们的社会影响以及自我的构成和概念化。
本文旨在对调查幻听之间关系的研究进行系统回顾,羞耻,和有罪的人没有精神问题的相关迹象。
我们搜索了报告有关声音特征信息的研究,声音和听众之间的关系,听者的反应,和信仰,特别注意羞耻和内疚问题。对纳入的论文进行了偏倚风险评估。
11项研究探讨了AVHs之间的关系,羞耻和内疚,被提取。现象学,务实,以及非临床人群中听觉声音的神经心理特征,让我们注意到一种动态的关系和可能发生的主观体验的星座。罪恶感的作用的特点是很少有研究和结果参差不齐,而羞愧主要是常见的。
由于检测到的高度异质性和可用的稀缺来源,进一步的研究应该集中在病因学和听觉声音之间的双向关系上,羞耻,非临床人群的负罪感。这可能有助于为那些因声音而苦恼的非临床人群提供治疗(例如,心理治疗),为谁感到羞耻,内疚可能会导致负面后果,比如孤立,焦虑或未来的抑郁。此外,考虑到情绪调节,它可能有利于不同治疗方法的发展和意义,临床人群的痛苦耐受性和人际关系敏感性。
Despite Auditory Verbal Hallucinations (AVHs) having been long associated with mental illness, they represent a common experience also in the non-clinical population, yet do not exhibit distress or need for care. Shame and
guilt are emotions related to one\'s perception of oneself and one\'s responsibility. As such, they direct our attention to aspects of AVHs that are under-researched and elusive, particularly about the status of voices as others, their social implications and the constitution and conceptualisation of the self.
This paper aims to provide a systematic
review of studies that investigated the relationship between auditory hallucinations, shame, and
guilt in people without relevant signs of psychiatric issues.
We searched studies reporting information about voices characteristics, the relationship between voices and hearers, hearer\'s reactions, and beliefs, paying peculiar attention to shame and guilt issues. Included papers were evaluated for risk of bias.
Eleven studies that explored the relationship between AVHs, shame and
guilt, were extracted. Phenomenological, pragmatic, as well as neuropsychological features of hearing voices in non-clinical populations, allowed us to note a dynamic relationship and the constellation of subjective experiences that can occur. The role of
guilt was characterized by few studies and mixed results, while shame was mainly common.
Due to the high heterogeneity detected and the scarce sources available, further studies should focus on both the aetiology and the bidirectional relationship between hearing voices, shame, and guilt in non-clinical people. This can be helpful in therapies for non-clinical populations who are distressed by their voices (e.g., psychotherapy), and for whom shame, and guilt may contribute to negative consequences such as isolation, anxiety or future depression. Moreover, it might favour the development and implication of different treatments considering emotion regulation, distress tolerance and interpersonal sensitivity on the clinical populations.