The present work deals with developing a method for revalorizing steel residues to create sunlight-active photocatalysts based on iron oxides. Commercial-grade steel leftovers are oxidized under different combinations of pH and temperature (50-90 °C and 3 ≥ pH ≤ 5) in a low energy-intensive setup. The material with the highest production efficiency (yield > 12%) and magnetic susceptibility (χm = 387 × 10-6 m3/kg) was further explored and modified by diffusion of M2+ (Zn and Co) ions within the structure of the oxide using a hydrothermal method to create ZnFe2O4, CoFe2O4 and combined Co-Zn ferrite. (Co-Zn)Fe2O4 displayed a bandgap of 2.02 eV and can be activated under sunlight irradiation. Electron microscopy studies show that (Co-Zn)Fe2O4 consists of particles with diameters between 400 and 700 nm, homogeneous size, even distribution, and good dispersibility. Application of the developed materials in the sunlight catalysis of black liquors from cellulose extraction resulted in a reduction of the Chemical Oxygen Demand (- 15% on average) and an enhancement in biodegradability (> 0.57 BOD/COD) after 180 min of reaction. Since the presented process employs direct solar light, it opens the possibility to large-scale water treatment and chemical upgrading applications.

The need to explore contemporary alternatives for industrial production has driven the development of innovative techniques that address critical limitations linked to traditional batch mechanochemistry. One particularly promising strategy involves the integration of flow processes with mechanochemistry. Three noteworthy technologies in this domain are single-screw extrusion (SSE) and twin-screw extrusion (TSE) and Impact (Induction) in Continuous-flow Heated Mechanochemistry (ICHeM). These technologies go beyond the industrial production of polymers, extending to the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients, the fabrication of (nano)materials, and the extraction of high-added value products through the valorisation of biomass and waste materials. In accordance with the principles of green chemistry, ball milling processes are generally considered greener compared to conventional solvothermal processes. In fact, ball milling processes require less solvent, enhance reaction rates and reaction conversion by increasing surface area and substituting thermal energy with mechanochemical energy, among others. Special attention will be given to the types of products, reactants, size of the milling balls and reaction conditions, selecting 60 articles after applying a screening methodology during the period 2020-2022. This paper aims to compile and analyze the cutting edge of research in utilizing mechanochemistry for green chemistry applications.

The cacao fruit is a rich source of polyphenols, including flavonoids and phenolic acids, which possess significant health benefits. The accurate identification and quantification of these bioactive compounds extracted from different parts of the cacao fruit, such as pods, beans, nibs, and cacao shells, require specific treatment conditions and analytical techniques. This review presents a comprehensive comparison of extraction processes and analytical techniques used to identify and quantify polyphenols from various parts of the cacao fruit. Additionally, it highlights the environmental impact of these methods, exploring the challenges and opportunities in selecting and utilizing extraction, analytical, and impact assessment techniques, while considering polyphenols\' yield. The review aims to provide a thorough overview of the current knowledge that can guide future decisions for those seeking to obtain polyphenols from different parts of the cacao fruit.

In this research, Fe3O4@SiO2@NTMPThio-Cu was introduced as a novel and green heterogeneous nanocatalyst with a dendrimer template that is environmentally friendly and reusable based on Fe3O4@SiO2. In this way, magnetic silica nanoparticles were first modified with cyanuric chloride, followed by melamine and thiosemicarbazide, and ultimately, it\'s decorated with the cost-effective metal copper. The synthesized nanocatalyst was characterized by various analyses such as FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TGA, and EDX. The efficiency of Fe3O4@SiO2@NTMPThio-Cu was measured in one-pot synthesis of xanthene and spirooxindole-pyran derivatives under mild solvent-free conditions. High efficiency, excellent yield of products, mild reaction conditions, simple operation, no use of toxic organic solvents, and reusability of this catalyst increase the attractiveness of this technique for large-scale environmentally friendly operations.

Etrasimod, a novel selective sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator, was recently approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the European Medicinal Agency for the treatment of moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis in adults. In this research, the forced degradation study as an integral part of drug product and packaging development, which generates data on degradation mechanisms, is published. The development and validation of the stability-indicating method using a superior high-performance liquid chromatography technique coupled with a diode array detector and tandem mass spectrometer was performed to support the forced degradation study and monitor the formation of degradation products. Etrasimod demonstrated good stability under elevated temperature and basic stress conditions, while acidic hydrolysis, oxidative, and photolytic degradation produced eight degradation products. The knowledge of degradation products will be useful in the long-term stability study for establishing the acceptance criteria of etrasimod as a drug substance and dosage form during quality control and stability assessment. The eco-friendliness of the developed forced degradation procedure was evaluated using various greenness appraisal tools. The green metric tools showed that the forced degradation procedure obeys eco-friendly conditions.

In this study, a new green method was developed for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methane derivatives using electrochemical bisarylation reaction in deep eutectic solvents as a green alternative to traditional solvents and electrolytes. The effects of varying time, current, type of solvent and material of electrodes were all studied. The optimum reaction conditions involved the use of ethylene glycol/choline chloride with a ratio of 2:1 at 80 °C for 45 min. Graphite and platinum were used as cathode and anode, respectively. The newly developed method offered many advantages such as using mild reaction conditions, short reaction time and affording high product yields with a wide range of substituted aromatic aldehydes bearing electron donating or electron withdrawing substituents. In addition, the electrochemical method proved to be more effective than heating in deep eutectic solvents and afforded higher yields of products in shorter reaction time. The mechanism of the electrochemical reaction was proposed and confirmed using the cyclic voltammetry study.

Byproducts and wastes from the food processing industry represent an important group of wastes generated annually in large quantities. It is important to note that the amount of this waste will increase with industrialization, and effective solutions must be found urgently. Many wastes that cause environmental pollution are evaluated by their low-tech conversion into products with little economic value, such as animal feed and fertilizer. Therefore, the evaluation of food processing waste using effective recycling techniques has become an interesting subject with increasing population, ongoing biotechnological studies, and advances in technology. The conversion of food waste into biotechnological products via fermentation is a sustainable, environmentally friendly, and economical method in line with the principles of green chemistry. This approach promotes the reuse of food waste by supporting the principles of a circular economy and offers sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels and synthetic chemicals. This contributes to reducing the carbon footprint, preserving soil and water quality, and providing economic sustainability through the production of high-value products. In this study, the properties of olive mill wastewater, an important and valuable waste in the olive oil industry, its environmental aspects, and its use in biotechnological applications that integrate green chemistry are evaluated.

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In this research, the magnetic solid acid nanocatalyst based on ferrierite has been prepared and used as catalyst for the green synthesis of some [1,3]-oxazine derivatives in water at room temperature. The synthesized compounds were obtained in high to excellent yields after short reaction times and the structure of synthesized products were investigated by spectroscopic methods such as: FT-IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The prepared magnetic solid acid catalyst was characterized using XRD, FT-IR, FE-SEM, EDX, elemental mapping, TGA and VSM analysis methods. Magnetic catalyst has easy separation ability, which leads to better and easier recycling. The preparation and synthesis of [1,3]-oxazine derivatives were carried out at room temperature in the presence of M-FER/TEPA/SO3H. Easy workup, green solvent (water) and also short reaction times with high to excellent yield of products, are some of advantageous of presented method. Docking calculations on the structure of the synthesized compounds proved their medicinal properties against breast cancer cells.

This review is dedicated to sustainable practices in liquid chromatography. HPLC and UHPLC methods contribute significantly to routine analytical techniques. Therefore, the transfer of classical liquid chromatographic methods into sustainable ones is of utmost importance in moving toward sustainable development goals. Among other principles to render a liquid chromatographic method green, the substitution of the organic solvent component in the mobile phase with a greener one received great attention. This review concentrates on choosing the best alternative green organic solvent to replace the classical solvent in the mobile phase for easy, rapid transfer to a more sustainable normal phase or reversed-phase liquid chromatography. The main focus of this review will be on describing the transfer of non-green to green and white chromatographic methods in an effort to elevate sustainability best practices in analytical chemistry. The greenness properties and greenness ranking, in addition to the chromatographic suitability of seventeen organic solvents for liquid chromatography, are mentioned to have a clear insight into the issue of rapidly choosing the appropriate solvent to transfer a classical HPLC or UHPLC method into a more sustainable one. A simple guide is proposed for making the liquid chromatographic method more sustainable.