蝎毒构成了全球公共卫生问题,全球每年估计有1,500,000例病例,导致2600例死亡。北非,尤其是摩洛哥,经历严重的毒液,主要归因于摩洛哥的Androctonusmauretanicus和Buthusoccitanus,阿尔及利亚和突尼斯的Buthusoccitanus和Androctonusaustralishector,案件数量经常被低估。目前的治疗主要依靠对症治疗,除了摩洛哥,由于关于具体治疗的争议,管理仅限于对症治疗。在摩洛哥,每年报告蝎毒病例3万至5万例,导致数百人死亡,主要是儿童。临床医生在适当的行动方案方面存在争议,通常将治疗限于对症措施。最致命的蝎子的毒液缺乏特定的抗蛇毒血清进一步加剧了这种情况。这项研究旨在通过开发针对地方性和最危险的蝎子的单价抗蛇毒血清来解决这一差距,仙人掌。抗蛇毒血清是通过用从摩洛哥高风险地区收集的Androctonusmauretanicus毒液的混合物对白化病兔进行免疫接种而产生的。通过在淋巴系统附近的多个部位皮下注射进行免疫。按照免疫计划。通过免疫扩散进行中和抗体滴度的生产控制。一旦达到足够的抗体滴度,进行了采血,和回收的血浆进行亲和层析。通过测定小鼠的ED50来评估纯化的IgG的功效,辅以组织学和免疫组织化学研究,研究其中和毒液诱导的组织改变以及中和与所研究器官中受体结合的毒素的能力。单价抗蛇毒血清表现出对雄性mauretanicus毒液的特异性,并对蝎子Buthusoccitanus和Androctonusaustralishector的毒液具有有效的交叉保护作用,与马格里布的致命毒液密切相关。这项研究表明,开发的单价抗蛇毒血清对当地蝎子具有显着的功效,并且具有令人惊讶的中和北非最致命的毒素的能力。这些结果为新的,更具体,和有希望的治疗方法来对抗严重的蝎子毒液,尤其是在摩洛哥,在缺乏特定治疗的地方。
Scorpion envenomation poses a global public health issue, with an estimated 1,500,000 cases worldwide annually resulting in 2600 deaths. North Africa, particularly Morocco, experiences severe envenomations, mainly attributed to Androctonus mauretanicus and Buthus occitanus in Morocco, and Buthus occitanus and Androctonus australis hector in Algeria and Tunisia, with case numbers often underestimated. Current treatment relies mainly on symptomatic approaches, except in Morocco, where management is limited to symptomatic treatment due to controversies regarding specific treatment. In Morocco, between 30,000 and 50,000 scorpion envenomation cases are reported annually, leading to hundreds of deaths, mainly among children. Controversies among clinicians persist regarding the appropriate course of action, often limiting treatments to symptomatic measures. The absence of a specific
antivenom for the venoms of the most lethal scorpions further exacerbates the situation. This study aims to address this gap by developing a monovalent
antivenom against the endemic and most dangerous scorpion, Androctonus mauretanicus. The
antivenom was produced by immunizing albino rabbits with a mixture of Androctonus mauretanicus venom collected from high-risk areas in Morocco. Immunizations were performed by subcutaneous injections at multiple sites near the lymphatic system, following an immunization schedule. Production control of neutralizing antibody titers was conducted through immunodiffusion. Once a sufficient antibody titer was achieved, blood collection was performed, and the recovered plasma underwent affinity chromatography. The efficacy of purified IgG was evaluated by determining the ED50 in mice, complemented by histological and immunohistochemical studies on its ability to neutralize venom-induced tissue alterations and the neutralization of toxins bound to receptors in the studied organs. The monovalent
antivenom demonstrated specificity against Androctonus mauretanicus venom and effective cross-protection against the venom of the scorpions Buthus occitanus and Androctonus australis hector, highly implicated in lethal envenomations in the Maghreb. This study shows that the developed monovalent
antivenom exhibits notable efficacy against local scorpions and a surprising ability to neutralize the most lethal envenomations in North Africa. These results pave the way for a new, more specific, and promising therapeutic approach to countering severe scorpion envenomations, especially in Morocco, where specific treatment is lacking.