PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The genus Vipera encompasses most species of medically significant venomous snakes of Europe, with Italy harbouring four of them. Envenomation by European vipers can result in severe consequences, but underreporting and the absence of standardised clinical protocols hinder effective snakebite management. This study provides an updated, detailed set of guidelines for the management and treatment of Vipera snakebite tailored for Italian clinicians. It includes taxonomic keys for snake identification, insights into viper venom composition, and recommendations for clinical management. Emphasis is placed on quick and reliable identification of medically relevant snake species, along with appropriate first aid measures. Criteria for antivenom administration are outlined, as well as indications on managing potential side effects. While the protocol is specific to Italy, its methodology can potentially be adapted for other European countries, depending on local resources. The promotion of comprehensive data collection and collaboration among Poison Control Centres is advocated to optimise envenomation management protocols and improve the reporting of epidemiological data concerning snakebite at the country level.
摘要：
Vipera属包括欧洲大多数具有医学意义的有毒蛇，意大利藏有其中的四个。欧洲毒蛇的毒害会导致严重后果，但是漏报和缺乏标准化的临床方案阻碍了有效的蛇咬伤管理。这项研究提供了最新的，为意大利临床医生量身定制的Vipera蛇咬伤的管理和治疗指南。它包括用于蛇识别的分类键，对毒蛇毒液组成的见解，和临床管理建议。重点是快速可靠地识别与医学相关的蛇种，采取适当的急救措施。概述了抗蛇毒血清管理标准，以及管理潜在副作用的适应症。虽然协议是专门针对意大利的，它的方法可能适用于其他欧洲国家，取决于当地资源。提倡在毒物控制中心之间促进全面的数据收集和合作，以优化毒物管理协议，并改善国家一级有关蛇咬伤的流行病学数据的报告。
