胃轻瘫或胃淤滞是在没有机械阻塞的情况下摄入的内容物通过胃的延迟运输。它可以有多种病因,最常见的特发性(ID)和糖尿病(DM)。胃轻瘫会给患者带来严重的痛苦,因为它会导致顽固性恶心和呕吐等症状,减肥,腹胀,早期饱腹感,等。其发病机制主要被认为是由于胃起搏细胞的功能紊乱,即,Cajal间质细胞(ICC),以及它们与其他胃运动功能调节成分的相互作用。对于胃轻瘫有几种建议的治疗选择。尽管如此,大多数患者仍然难以接受药物治疗,需要额外的干预措施来缓解症状。一种这样的干预措施是胃电刺激或胃起搏器,有助于改善胃运动。我们搜索了PubMed,PubMedCentral(PMC),Medline,科学直接,和GoogleScholar在过去10年中发表的有关胃电刺激在胃轻瘫中的应用的文章。使用的关键字包括“胃轻瘫”,“胃淤滞”,\"胃起搏器\'\',“胃电刺激”,“恶心”,“呕吐”,“腹胀”,“胃神经调节”。我们最终纳入了与我们的研究问题最相关并符合质量评估标准的12项研究。排除标准包括儿科人群研究,对动物进行的研究,书籍,灰色文学总的来说,这12项研究有助于评估胃起搏器对恶心等胃轻瘫症状的影响,呕吐,减肥,腹胀,和生活质量。我们发现大多数研究支持胃起搏器,改善胃轻瘫患者恶心呕吐的发生率。BMI也有明显改善。另一方面,大多数开放标签的研究表明,生活质量和胃轻瘫的心症状指数(GCSI)评分得到改善,而随机对照试验和荟萃分析没有反映出相同的结果.此外,胃起搏器改善了一些其他参数,炎症标志物,胰岛素水平(尤其是糖尿病患者),以及住院人数。总之,胃起搏器是医学难治性胃轻瘫患者的潜在治疗选择.从我们的研究结果中可以看出,恶心/呕吐,减肥,胃电刺激(GES),总体GCSI评分显着改善。然而,需要进行更广泛的研究,以更好地了解这种装置作为胃轻瘫患者的可行治疗选择的全部用途。
Gastroparesis or gastric stasis is the delayed transit of the ingested contents through the stomach in the absence of mechanical obstruction. It can have multiple etiologies, most commonly idiopathic (ID) and diabetic (DM). Gastroparesis can cause significant distress to patients as it leads to symptoms like intractable nausea and vomiting, weight loss, abdominal bloating, early satiety, etc. The pathogenesis is mainly thought to be due to the dysfunction of the gastric pacemaker cells, i.e., interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC), and their interaction with the other gastric motor function regulatory components. There are several proposed treatment options for gastroparesis. Despite that, most patients remain refractory to medical treatment and require additional interventions for symptomatic relief. One such intervention is gastric electrical stimulation or gastric pacemaker, which aids in improving gastric motility. We have searched PubMed, PubMed Central (PMC), Medline, Science Direct, and Google Scholar for articles pertaining to the use of gastric electrical stimulation in gastroparesis published in the last 10 years. The keywords used include \"gastroparesis\", \"gastric stasis\", \"gastric pacemaker\'\', \"gastric electrical stimulation\", \"nausea\", \"vomiting\", \"abdominal bloating\", \"gastric neuromodulation\". We have finally included twelve studies that were the most relevant to our research question and met the quality assessment criteria. Exclusion criteria consisted of pediatric population studies, studies conducted on animals, books, and grey literature. Overall, these twelve studies helped evaluate the impact of gastric pacemakers on symptoms of gastroparesis like nausea, vomiting, weight loss, abdominal bloating, and quality of life. We found that most studies favored gastric pacemakers, improving the incidence of nausea and vomiting in patients with gastroparesis. There was a marked improvement in the BMI as well. On the other hand, most open-labeled studies showed improved quality of life and Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) scores, while randomized controlled trials and meta-analyses did not reflect the same result. In addition, some other parameters improved with gastric pacemakers, Inflammatory markers, insulin levels (especially in diabetics), and the number of hospitalizations. In conclusion, gastric pacemaker is a potential treatment option for patients with medically refractory gastroparesis. As noted from the results of our study, nausea/vomiting, weight loss, and overall GCSI scores have shown marked improvement with gastric electrical stimulation (GES). Nevertheless, more extensive research is needed to understand better the full extent of this device\'s use as a viable treatment option for patients suffering from gastroparesis.