新的SARS-CoV-2变种继续在全球盛行,需要有效的疫苗来预防流行病。mRNA疫苗正逐步应用于传染病的预防和控制,具有显著的安全性和有效性。SARS-CoV-2的刺突(S)蛋白是mRNA疫苗设计的主要靶点,但信号肽(SP)的影响,跨膜区(TM),mRNA疫苗的胞质尾(CT)仍不清楚。在这项研究中,我们构建了与S蛋白相关的三种形式的mRNA疫苗:全长,删除TM和CT,同时删除SP,TM和CT,并比较了它们的免疫原性。我们的实验数据表明,全长S蛋白和TM和CT的缺失可以有效诱导小鼠产生中和抗体,而S蛋白没有SP和TM则不能。这表明S蛋白SP是设计mRNA疫苗所必需的。
New SARS-CoV-2 variants continue to prevail worldwide, and effective vaccines are needed to prevent an epidemic. mRNA vaccines are gradually being applied to the prevention and control of infectious diseases with significant safety and effectiveness. The spike (S) protein of SARS-CoV-2 is the main target of mRNA vaccine design, but the impact of the signal peptide (SP), transmembrane region (TM), and cytoplasmic tail (CT) on mRNA vaccine remains unclear. In this study, we constructed three forms of mRNA vaccines related to the S protein: full-length, deletion of the TM and CT, and simultaneous deletion of the SP, TM and CT, and compared their immunogenicity. Our experimental data show that full-length S protein and deletion of the TM and CT could effectively induce neutralizing antibody production in mice, while S protein without the SP and TM could not. This indicates that the S protein SP is necessary for the design of mRNA vaccine.