我们对间充质干细胞(MSCs)及其生物学特性的了解正在稳步增长,随着越来越多的研究关注它们在免疫学领域的治疗效果,组织工程和再生医学。MSCs可能来自组织如骨髓,脂肪,脐带,以及来自牙齿组织(例如,牙胚,牙囊,脱落的乳牙和恒牙的牙髓组织,顶端乳头,牙周膜,牙龈,和牙槽骨)。牙龈间充质干细胞(GMSC)是从牙龈固有层分离的非造血成体干细胞。当与从各种牙齿和非牙齿组织纯化的MSC相比时,GMSCs来源更丰富,相对非侵入性获得,基因稳定。近年来,许多研究发现GMSCs具有自我更新的能力,多方向分化,和趋化性到炎症部位进行免疫调节。它们的分子和干细胞特性使它们非常适合临床前和临床研究。由GMSC分泌的细胞外囊泡(EV)由于其模拟GMSC自身的生物学和治疗活性的能力而具有关键兴趣。因此,本文将回顾目前关于GMSC的共识,调查它们的来源和隔离方法,它们的生物学特性,以及它们在炎症和免疫相关疾病中的治疗应用。
Our understanding of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their biological properties is steadily increasing, with more studies focusing on their therapeutic effects in the domains of immunology, tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. MSCs may be derived from tissues such as bone marrow, adipose, the umbilical cord, as well as from dental tissues (e.g., tooth germ, dental follicle, pulp tissue of exfoliated deciduous and permanent teeth, apical papilla, periodontal ligament, gingiva, and alveolar bone). Gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) are non-hematopoietic adult stem cells isolated from the gingival lamina propria. When compared to MSCs purified from various dental and non-dental tissues, GMSCs are more abundant in source, relatively non-invasive to obtain, and genetically stable. In recent years, many studies have found that GMSCs possess the ability of self-renewal, multi-directional differentiation, and chemotaxis to inflammatory sites for immunity regulation. Their molecular and stem-cell properties make them highly suitable for both preclinical and clinical research. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by GMSCs are of key interest due to their ability to emulate the biological and therapeutic activity of GMSCs themselves. This paper will therefore review the current consensus on GMSCs, surveying their sources and isolation methods, their biological properties, and their therapeutic applications on inflammatory and immune-related diseases.