PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacterial pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), remains one of the most prevalent and deadly infectious diseases worldwide. Currently, there are complex interactions between host cells and pathogens in TB. The onset, progression, and regression of TB are correlated not only with the virulence of MTB but also with the immunity of TB patients. Exosomes are cell-secreted membrane-bound nanovesicles with lipid bilayers that contain a variety of biomolecules, such as metabolites, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Exosome-mediated cell-cell communication and interactions with the microenvironment represent crucial mechanisms through which exosomes exert their functional effects. Exosomes harbor a wide range of regulatory roles in physiological and pathological conditions, including MTB infection. Exosomes can regulate the immune response, metabolism, and cellular death to remodel the progression of MTB infection. During MTB infection, exosomes display distinctive profiles and quantities that may act as diagnostic biomarkers, suggesting that exosomes provide a revealing glimpse into the evolving landscape of MTB infections. Furthermore, exosomes derived from MTB and mesenchymal stem cells can be harnessed as vaccine platforms and drug delivery vehicles for the precise targeting and treatment of TB. In this review, we highlight the functions and mechanisms through which exosomes influence the progression of TB. Additionally, we unravel the critical significance of exosomal constituents in the diagnosis and therapeutic applications of TB, aiming to offer novel perspectives and strategies for combating TB.
摘要：
结核病(TB),由细菌病原体结核分枝杆菌（MTB）引起，仍然是世界上最流行和致命的传染病之一。目前,结核病中宿主细胞与病原体之间存在复杂的相互作用。发作时，programming,结核病的消退不仅与MTB的毒力有关，而且与结核病患者的免疫力有关。外泌体是细胞分泌的膜结合纳米囊泡，具有包含多种生物分子的脂质双层，如代谢物，脂质，蛋白质，和核酸。外泌体介导的细胞-细胞通讯和与微环境的相互作用代表了外泌体发挥其功能作用的关键机制。外泌体在生理和病理条件下具有广泛的调节作用，包括MTB感染。外泌体可以调节免疫反应，新陈代谢，和细胞死亡重塑MTB感染的进展。在MTB感染期间，外泌体显示独特的概况和数量，可以作为诊断生物标志物，这表明外泌体提供了对MTB感染不断发展的景观的揭示。此外，来自MTB和间充质干细胞的外泌体可以用作疫苗平台和药物递送载体，用于精确靶向和治疗结核病。在这次审查中,我们重点介绍了外泌体影响结核病进展的功能和机制.此外,我们揭示了外泌体成分在结核病诊断和治疗应用中的重要意义，旨在为抗击结核病提供新的观点和策略。
