■作为美国饮食中添加糖的主要来源,据推测,食用含糖饮料(SSB)会导致肥胖症患病率和口腔健康状况不佳。我们系统地综合并量化了来自美国的自然实验的证据,这些实验涉及SSB税对饮料价格的影响,销售,购买,和消费。
■在PubMed中执行了关键字和参考搜索,WebofScience,科克伦图书馆,Scopus,和EconLit从电子书目数据库建立到2022年10月31日。进行了荟萃分析,以估计纯碱税对SSB消费的综合影响,价格,通过率,和购买。
■二十六个自然实验,都采用了差异差异的方法,包括在内。研究评估了伯克利的苏打税,奥克兰,加州的旧金山,宾夕法尼亚州的费城,科罗拉多州的博尔德,华盛顿的西雅图,和伊利诺伊州的库克县。税率从1到2美分/盎司不等。苏打水税的征收与1.06美分/盎司有关。(95%置信区间[CI]=0.90,1.22)SSB价格上涨,SSB购买量下降27.3%(95%CI=19.3,35.4%)。纯碱税通过率为79.7%(95%CI=65.8,93.6%)。1美分/盎司。纯碱税率的提高与SSB价格上涨0.84美分/盎司相关(95%CI=0.33,1.35)。
■苏打税可能是有效的政策杠杆,可以推动人们购买和消费更少的SSB。未来的研究应该检查基于证据的SSB分类,有针对性地利用税收产生的收入来减少健康和收入差距,以及重新设计纯碱税以提高效率的可行性。
As a primary source of added sugars in the US diet, sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption is presumed to contribute to obesity prevalence and poor oral health. We systematically synthesized and quantified evidence from US-based natural experiments concerning the impact of SSB taxes on beverage prices, sales, purchases, and consumption.
A keyword and reference search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and EconLit from the inception of an electronic bibliographic database to Oct 31, 2022. Meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the pooled effect of soda taxes on SSB consumption, prices, passthrough rate, and purchases.
Twenty-six natural experiments, all adopting a difference-in-differences approach, were included. Studies assessed soda taxes in Berkeley, Oakland, and San Francisco in California, Philadelphia in Pennsylvania, Boulder in Colorado, Seattle in Washington, and Cook County in Illinois.
Tax rates ranged from 1 to 2 ¢/oz. The imposition of the soda
tax was associated with a 1.06 ¢/oz. (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.90, 1.22) increase in SSB prices and a 27.3% (95% CI = 19.3, 35.4%) decrease in SSB purchases. The soda
tax passthrough rate was 79.7% (95% CI = 65.8, 93.6%). A 1 ¢/oz. increase in soda
tax rate was associated with increased prices of SSBs by 0.84 ¢/oz (95% CI = 0.33, 1.35).
Soda taxes could be effective policy leverage to nudge people toward purchasing and consuming fewer SSBs. Future research should examine evidence-based classifications of SSBs, targeted use of revenues generated by taxes to reduce health and income disparities, and the feasibility of redesigning the soda
tax to improve efficiency.