■快速进展性痴呆(RPD),以快速认知衰退导致痴呆为特征,包括各种各样的疾病。尽管在诊断和治疗方面取得了进步,RPD的研究主要集中在西方人群。
■本研究旨在探讨中国患者RPD的病因和人口统计学。
■我们回顾性分析了2019年5月至2023年3月华山医院323例RPD住院患者。关于社会人口因素的数据,流行病学,临床表现,收集和分析病因。
■RPD患者的中位发病年龄为60.7岁。三分之二的人在症状发作后6个月内接受了诊断。记忆障碍是最常见的初始症状,其次是行为变化。神经退行性疾病占病例的47.4%,中枢神经系统炎症性疾病占30.96%。自身免疫性脑炎是主要原因(16.7%),其次是阿尔茨海默病(16.1%),神经梅毒(11.8%),和克雅氏病(9.0%)。老年痴呆症,克雅氏病,额颞叶痴呆是神经退行性疾病的主要原因,而自身免疫性脑炎,神经梅毒,血管性认知障碍是主要的非神经退行性原因。
■中国患者RPD的病因复杂,神经退行性疾病和非神经退行性疾病同样普遍。认识到自身免疫性脑炎和神经梅毒等可治疗的疾病需要仔细考虑和区分。
UNASSIGNED: Rapidly progressive dementia (RPD), characterized by a rapid cognitive decline leading to dementia, comprises a diverse range of disorders. Despite advancements in diagnosis and treatment, research on RPD primarily focuses on Western populations.
UNASSIGNED: This study aims to explore the etiology and demographics of RPD in Chinese patients.
UNASSIGNED: We retrospectively analyzed 323 RPD inpatients at Huashan Hospital from May 2019 to March 2023. Data on sociodemographic factors, epidemiology, clinical presentation, and etiology were collected and analyzed.
UNASSIGNED: The median onset age of RPD patients was 60.7 years. Two-thirds received a diagnosis within 6 months of symptom onset. Memory impairment was the most common initial symptom, followed by behavioral changes. Neurodegenerative diseases accounted for 47.4% of cases, with central nervous system inflammatory diseases at 30.96%. Autoimmune encephalitis was the leading cause (16.7%), followed by Alzheimer\'s disease (16.1%),
neurosyphilis (11.8%), and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (9.0%). Alzheimer\'s disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, and frontotemporal dementia were the primary neurodegenerative causes, while autoimmune encephalitis,
neurosyphilis, and vascular cognitive impairment were the main non-neurodegenerative causes.
UNASSIGNED: The etiology of RPD in Chinese patients is complex, with neurodegenerative and non-neurodegenerative diseases equally prevalent. Recognizing treatable conditions like autoimmune encephalitis and
neurosyphilis requires careful consideration and differentiation.