骨关节炎(OA)是最常见的慢性关节疾病,体育锻炼是其管理指南中广泛认可的策略。Exerkines,定义为响应急性和慢性运动而分泌的细胞因子,通过内分泌功能,旁分泌,和/或自分泌途径。各种组织特异性的运动力,包括运动诱导的肌细胞因子(肌肉),心(心),和脂肪因子(脂肪组织),与OA的运动疗法有关。Exerkines来自这些kines,但与他们不同,只有受运动调节的kines才能称为exerkines。这些运动因子中的一些在OA中起治疗作用,比如irisin,metrnl,乳酸,分泌型卷曲相关蛋白(SFRP),神经调节素,和脂联素。虽然其他人可能会加剧这种情况,如IL-6,IL-7,IL-15,IL-33,肌肉生长抑制素,Fractalkine,卵泡抑素样1(FSTL1),visfatin,激活素A,迁移抑制因子(MIF),apelin和生长分化因子(GDF)-15。它们发挥抗/促凋亡/焦亡/炎症,软骨细胞的软骨分化和细胞衰老效应,滑膜细胞和间充质干细胞。脂肪因子对关节内关节内多种细胞类型的影响的调节成为未来OA干预的有希望的途径。本文回顾了最近的发现,强调了组织特异性运动因子在OA中的重要作用。深入研究所涉及的潜在细胞和分子机制。
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent chronic joint disease, with physical exercise being a widely endorsed strategy in its management guidelines. Exerkines, defined as cytokines secreted in response to acute and chronic exercise, function through endocrine, paracrine, and/or autocrine pathways. Various tissue-specific exerkines, encompassing exercise-induced myokines (muscle), cardiokines (heart), and adipokines (adipose tissue), have been linked to exercise therapy in OA. Exerkines are derived from these kines, but unlike them, only kines regulated by exercise can be called exerkines. Some of these exerkines serve a therapeutic role in OA, such as irisin, metrnl, lactate, secreted frizzled-related protein (SFRP), neuregulin, and adiponectin. While others may exacerbate the condition, such as IL-6, IL-7, IL-15, IL-33, myostatin, fractalkine, follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1), visfatin, activin A, migration inhibitory factor (MIF), apelin and growth differentiation factor (GDF)-15. They exerts anti-/pro-apoptosis/pyroptosis/inflammation, chondrogenic differentiation and cell senescence effect in chondrocyte, synoviocyte and mesenchymal stem cell. The modulation of adipokine effects on diverse cell types within the intra-articular joint emerges as a promising avenue for future OA interventions. This paper reviews recent findings that underscore the significant role of tissue-specific exerkines in OA, delving into the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms involved.