BACKGROUND: Recent studies provide compelling evidence linking the gut microbiota to most cancers. Nevertheless, further research is required to establish a definitive causal relationship between the gut microbiota and malignant cardiac tumors.
METHODS: The genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data on the human gut Microbiota, included in the IEU Open GWAS project, was initially collected by the MiBioGen consortium. It encompasses 14,306 individuals and comprises a total of 5,665,279 SNPs. Similarly, the GWAS data on malignant cardiac tumors, also sourced from the IEU Open GWAS project, was initially stored in the finnGen database, including 16,380,303 SNPs observed within a cohort of 174,108 individuals within the European population. Utilizing a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) methodology, we examined whether there exists a causal association between the gut microbiota and cardiac tumors. Additionally, to bolster the credibility and robustness of the identified causal relationships, we conducted an extensive array of sensitivity analyses, encompassing Cochran\'s Q test, MR-PRESSO tests, MR-Egger interpret test, directionality test and leave-one-out analysis.
RESULTS: Our analysis unveiled seven distinct causal associations between genetic susceptibility in the gut microbiota and the incidence of malignant cardiac tumors. Among these, the Family Rikenellaceae, genus Eubacterium brachy group, and genus Ruminococcaceae UCG009 exhibited an elevated risk of cardiac tumors, while the phylum Verrucomicrobia, genus Lactobacillus, genus Ruminiclostridium5, and an unknown genus id.1868 were genetically linked to a reduced risk of cardiac tumors. The causal relationship between these two bacteria, belonging to the phylum Verrucomicrobia (OR = 0.178, 95% CI: 0.052-0.614, p = 0.006) and the genus Ruminococcaceae UCG009 (OR = 3.071, 95% CI: 1.236-7.627, p = 0.016), and cardiac tumors was further validated through sensitivity analyses, reinforcing the robustness and reliability of the observed associations.
CONCLUSIONS: Our MR analysis confirms that the phylum Verrucomicrobia displays significant protection against cardiac tumor, and the genus Ruminococcaceae UCG009 leads to an increasing risk of cardiac tumor.

Primary myxofibrosarcoma of the heart, a rare cardiac malignancy, was diagnosed in a middle-aged female patient exhibiting progressive dyspnea following transthoracic echocardiography and pathological analysis. Postoperatively, the patient underwent chemotherapy and Lenvatinib mesylate therapy, with regular check-ups confirming her survival. After 10 months the patient is still alive and well.

Cardiac tumors are uncommon and most of them are benign. Although cases of malignant cardiac tumors are rare, it is still necessary to improve awareness in both clinical and pathological diagnosis. Since cardiac tumors often have a high degree of malignancy, it is vital to determine what form of intervention can increase recurrence-free survival and overall survival. In this paper, we report on a 42-year-old woman in the third trimester of pregnancy who had a cardiac undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. According to her medical history, the patient had never had a cardiac tumor or any other disease. She was treated surgically and a left atrial mass was removed immediately after cesarean section. No other treatments were applied after the surgery, and, unfortunately, the tumor reoccurred 6 months later. We reviewed some literature and found one case in which the patient was treated using radiotherapy and survived for another 2 years after the third tumor recurrence. This suggests that neoadjuvant therapy effectively improves the survival rates of such patients.

Synovial sarcoma of the heart is a rare tumor. Herein we would like to report a case of giant intrapericardial cardiac synovial sarcoma that originated from the right ventricle and grew outward near the diaphragm. After making adequate preoperative preparation, we performed the surgery as quickly as possible and resected the tumor completely. Based on the identification of the translocation on chromosome 18 rearrangement, the tumor can be diagnosed as a primary cardiac synovial sarcoma. Through this study, we aim to afford more information about cardiac synovial sarcomas as well as a reference for similar cases.

UNASSIGNED: Primary cardiac tumors are uncommon, with the majority being benign myxomas. Cystic myxoma, a particularly rare type of benign cardiac tumor, demands cautious differential diagnosis from other cardiac tumors.
UNASSIGNED: A 43-year-old male patient presenting with intermittent dyspnea was referred to our department for surgical evaluation. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) unveiled an intra-left atrial cyst, which was subsequently found to be blood-filled during a video-assisted microinvasive heart surgery. Pathological examination depicted a cyst wall filled with small stellate and fat spindle cells, along with a mucoid matrix, indicating a diagnosis of cystic myxoma.
UNASSIGNED: We herein presented a rare case of an adult patient with cystic myxoma, initially misdiagnosed as an intracardiac blood cyst (CBC) prior to surgery, and ultimately verified via pathological findings.

Cardiac myxoma is the most common primary benign cardiac tumors, mostly found in the left atrium. It was previously reported that the main component of myxoma was myxoid stroma riched in acid-mucopolysaccharide, the blood vessels in which were sparsely distributed, being characterized as hypovascular tumor by contrast echocardiography (CE) and computed tomography angiography (CTA). There are few reports of myxoma with rich blood supply and we report one in the left atrium.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor (IMT) is an uncommon cardiac tumor that primarily affects infants, children, and young adults. While complete surgical resection generally leads to a favorable prognosis, accurate diagnostic tests remain limited.
METHODS: We describe the case of a 26-year-old female who had a dual tumor inside and outside the heart and was misdiagnosed by echocardiography and MRI. We also review 71 cases of cardiac IMTs from the literature regarding their epidemiology, clinical presentation, and outcome.
CONCLUSIONS: Early detection of this rare disorder is essential for optimal surgical management.

Radiofrequency ablation is a nominally invasive technique to eradicate cancerous or non-cancerous cells by heating. However, it is still hampered to acquire a successful cell destruction process due to inappropriate RF intensities that will not entirely obliterate tumorous tissues, causing in treatment failure. In this study, we are acquainted with a nanoassisted RF ablation procedure of cardiac tumor to provide better outcomes for long-term survival rate without any recurrences. A three-dimensional thermo-electric energy model is employed to investigate nanothermal field and ablation efficiency into the left atrium tumor. The cell death model is adopted to quantify the degree of tissue injury while injecting the Fe3O4 nanoparticles concentrations up to 20% into the target tissue. The results reveal that when nanothermal field extents as a function of tissue depth (10 mm) from the electrode tip, the increasing thermal rates were approximately 0.54362%, 3.17039%, and 7.27397% for the particle concentration levels of 7%, 10%, and 15% compared with no-particle case. In the 7% Fe3O4 nanoparticles, 100% fractional damage index is achieved after ablation time of 18 s whereas tissue annihilation approach proceeds longer to complete for no-particle case. The outcomes indicate that injecting nanoparticles may lessen ablation time in surgeries and prevent damage to adjacent healthy tissue.

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Richter\'s syndrome (RS) defines the transformation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia into high-grade lymphoma, which usually involves lymph nodes and bone marrow. Extranodal involvement of the heart is an extremely rare condition. Patients with heart involvement tended to have a low response to chemotherapy and relative poor prognosis. The transformation process of RS is often insidious and nonspecific making it challenging to diagnose.
A 64-year-old woman wih a history of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) presented with intermittent chest pain and was diagnosed with non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). However, the contrast enhanced echocardiography revealed a large irregular mass, measuring about 75.4 mm × 37.5 mm, located on the lateral and posterior wall of the right ventricle. Biopsy of the cardiac mass and the results revealed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.
We present a case of a 64-year-old woman with aggressive diffuse large B-cell lymphoma involving the heart. This case could provide some insights in the diagnosis of cardiac lymphoma.