干细胞的标志,如扩散,自我更新,发展,分化,和再生,对于维持由遗传和表观遗传因素维持的干细胞身份至关重要。超级增强剂(SE),由活性增强剂簇组成,通过特定的转录模型在维持干性标志方面发挥核心作用。SE导航转录复合物,包括SE,非编码RNA,掌握转录因子,调解员和其他共同激活者,形成相分离的冷凝物,它提供了指导不同干细胞命运的切换。随着多元组学技术的蓬勃发展,应用于研究SE的不同方面,我们首先提出了“超级增强子组学”的概念,与泛经济学有着千丝万缕的联系。在审查中,我们讨论了SE的时空组织和概念,并描述SE导航转录复合物和干细胞特征之间的联系,比如干细胞身份,自我更新,多能性,分化和发展。我们还阐明了通过癌症干细胞中的基因组和表观遗传改变劫持来调节癌症干细胞的干性和致癌SEs的机制。此外,我们讨论了使用小分子化合物靶向SE复合物成分的潜力,基因组编辑,和反义寡核苷酸治疗SE相关的器官功能障碍和疾病,包括癌症.这篇综述还通过SE的范式提供了对干细胞研究未来的见解。
The hallmarks of stem cells, such as proliferation, self-renewal, development, differentiation, and regeneration, are critical to maintain stem cell identity which is sustained by genetic and epigenetic factors. Super-enhancers (SEs), which consist of clusters of active enhancers, play a central role in maintaining stemness hallmarks by specifically transcriptional model. The SE-navigated transcriptional complex, including SEs, non-coding RNAs, master transcriptional factors, Mediators and other co-activators, forms phase-separated condensates, which offers a toggle for directing diverse stem cell fate. With the burgeoning technologies of multiple-omics applied to examine different aspects of SE, we firstly raise the concept of \"super-enhancer omics\", inextricably linking to Pan-omics. In the review, we discuss the spatiotemporal organization and concepts of SEs, and describe links between SE-navigated transcriptional complex and stem cell features, such as stem cell identity, self-renewal, pluripotency, differentiation and development. We also elucidate the mechanism of stemness and oncogenic SEs modulating cancer stem cells via genomic and epigenetic alterations hijack in cancer stem cell. Additionally, we discuss the potential of targeting components of the SE complex using small molecule compounds, genome editing, and antisense oligonucleotides to treat SE-associated organ dysfunction and diseases, including cancer. This review also provides insights into the future of stem cell research through the paradigm of SEs.