Bisphenols (BPs) are recognized as endocrine disrupting compounds and have garnered increasing attention due to their widespread utilization. However, the varying biological toxicities and underlying mechanisms of BPs with different functional groups remain unknown. In the present study, the toxic effects of four BPs (BPA, BPS, BPAF, and TBBPA) on a photosynthetic microalgae Chromochloris zofingiensis were compared. Results showed that halogen-containing BPs exhibited higher cellular uptake, leading to more severe oxidative stress, lower photosynthetic efficiency, and greater accumulation of starch and lipids. Specifically, TBBPA with bromine groups showed a greater toxicity than BPAF with fluorine groups, possibly due to the incomplete debromination in C. zofingiensis. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that halogen-containing BPs triggered greater number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), and only 64 common DEGs were found among different BPs, indicating that the effects of BPs with different functional groups varied greatly. Genes involved in endocytosis, peroxisomes, and endoplasmic reticulum protein processing pathways were mostly upregulated across different BPs, while photosynthesis-related genes showed varied expression, possibly due to their distinct functional groups. Additionally, SIN3A, ZFP36L, CHMP, and ATF2 emerged as potential key regulatory genes. Overall, this study thoroughly explained how functional groups impact the toxicity and biodegradation of BPs in C. zofingiensis.

In case of organic frameworks (COFs) as adsorbents in the pretreatment of complex food matrices, challenges such as poor dispersion and non-specific adsorption of interfering macromolecules like proteins are often encountered. To address this issue, this work prepared a three-dimensional covalent organic framework (3D-COF) with a novel bcu topology based on polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS). Subsequently, gluconolactone (GDL) was modified onto the external surface of the material via the reaction with the exposed reactive residues. The resulting POSS-COF@GDL adsorbent has an enhanced hydrophilicity in the external surface, thereby significantly improves the dispersion of materials in aqueous solution and reduces the adsorption ability toward protein. Whereas, the inner of material retains hydrophobic pores that exhibit high adsorption efficiency to small hydrophobic molecules. Compared with the traditional pretreatment methods, POSS-COF@GDL can directly extract bisphenols (BPs) in milk samples without any additional treatment. The established sample pretreatment method is coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV), resulting in recoveries of 71.8 to 93.6%, intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations (RSDs) of <8.3%, and limits of detection (LODs) of 0.042-0.16 ng∙mL-1 for four BPs.

Bisphenols, parabens, and triclosan (TCS) are common endocrine disrupters used in various consumer products. These chemicals have been shown to cross the placental barrier and affect intrauterine development of fetuses. In this study, we quantified serum levels of six bisphenols, five parabens, and TCS in 483 pregnant women from southern China. Quantile-based g-computation showed that combined exposure to bisphenols, parabens, and TCS was significantly (p < 0.05) and negatively associated with birth weight (β = -39.9, 95% CI: -73.8, -6.1), birth length (β = -0.19, 95% CI: -0.34, -0.04), head circumference (β = -0.13, 95% CI: -0.24, -0.02), and thoracic circumference (β = -0.16, 95% CI: -0.29, -0.04). An inverse correlation was also identified between mixture exposure and gestational age (β = -0.12, 95% CI: -0.24, -0.01). Bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol Z (BPZ), bisphenol AP (BPAP), propylparaben (PrP), and TCS served as the dominant contributors to the overall effect. In subgroup analyses, male newborns were more susceptible to mixture exposure than females, whereas the exposure-outcome link was prominent among pregnant women in the first and second trimesters. More evidence is warranted to elucidate the impacts of exposure to mixtures on birth outcomes, as well as the underlying mechanisms.

Steroid hormone imbalance is believed to increase the odds of developing PE. Bisphenol A (BPA) and its substitutes (e.g., bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF)) have estrogen-like effects, and its exposure may be related to the development of preeclampsia (PE). To explore the effects of bisphenol exposure on maternal serum steroid hormones and the potential mediating role of steroid hormones in the association between bisphenol exposure and developing PE, concentrations of bisphenols and steroid hormones in serum samples of 383 pregnant women were examined before delivery (including 160 PE cases and 223 control cases). Multivariable logistic and linear models were used to explore the associations of maternal serum bisphenols concentrations with both maternal steroid hormones and PE risk. Mediation modeling was employed to evaluate the mediating role of steroid hormones in the association between bisphenols and PE. Results showed that maternal serum BPS concentrations were positively associated with testosterone (T) concentrations. The mediation analyses suggested that approximately 10.17 % of the associations between BPS concentrations and the development of PE might be mediated by maternal T. In conclusion, maternal exposure to BPS during pregnancy is linked to higher maternal T concentrations, which might increase the odds of developing PE. T might mediate the association between BPS exposure and the development of PE.

Tire wear particles (TWPs) are considered an important component of microplastic pollution in the marine environment and occur together with a variety of aquatic pollutants, including frequently detected bisphenols. The adverse effects of TWPs or bisphenols on aquatic organisms have been widely reported. However, the combined toxicity of TWPs and bisphenols is still unknown. In this study, the combined toxicity of both pristine (p-) and aged TWPs (a-TWPs) and four bisphenols ((bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol AF (BPAF)) to Tigriopus japonicus was evaluated. TWPs increased the toxicity of BPA and BPF but decreased the toxicity of BPAF. For BPS, there was synergistic toxic effect in the presence of p-TWPs, but slightly antagonistic effect was observed in the presence of a-TWPs. This adsorption of BPAF by TWPs resulted in a reduction of its toxicity to the copepod. A-TWPs could release more Zn than p-TWPs, and the released Zn contributed to the synergistic effect of TWPs and BPA or BPF. The aggregation formed by TWPs in certain sizes (e.g., 90-110 μm) could cause intestinal damage and lipid peroxidation in T. japonicus. The synergistic effect of p-TWPs and BPS might be due to the aggregation size of the binary mixture. The results of the current study will be important to understand the combined toxic effect of TWPs and bisphenols and the potential toxic mechanisms of the binary mixture.

UNASSIGNED: Evidence from animal experiments and epidemiological studies has reported controversial results about the effects of prenatal bisphenols (BPs) exposure on childhood thyroid function. This study aims to explore the associations of prenatal exposure to BPs with thyroid-related hormones (THs) in newborns and early childhood, with a particular focus on the sex-dependent and exposure level effects.
UNASSIGNED: Correlated studies were systematically searched from PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane, and Embase until February 21, 2024. The exposures assessed include bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), bisphenol AF (BPAF), and tetrachlorobisphenol A (TCBPA). THs measured were thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total tri-iodothyronine (TT3), total thyroxine (TT4), free tri-iothyronine (FT3), and free thyroxine (FT4). Effect estimates were quantified using coefficients from multivariable regression models. Statistical analyses were completed using Stata 16.0. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS).
UNASSIGNED: Eleven cohort studies comprising 5,363 children were included in our meta-analysis. Prenatal bisphenol concentrations were statistically significant related to alterations in thyroid hormones in children, exclusively in female offspring, including reduced TSH (β = -0.020, 95% CI: -0.036, -0.005) and increased TT3 levels (β = 0.011, 95% CI: 0.001, 0.021), and exposure to high concentration of bisphenols (>1.5 ug/g creatinine) significantly reduced FT3 levels in children (β = -0.011, 95% CI: -0.020, -0.003).
UNASSIGNED: Prenatal bisphenol exposure is linked to alterations in thyroid hormone levels in girls, necessitating enhanced measures to control bisphenol exposure levels during pregnancy for child health protection.
UNASSIGNED: https://inplasy.com, identifier INPLASY202450129.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a solid phase extraction-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of six bisphenols(bisphenol S, bisphenol F, bisphenol A, 2, 2\'-methylenediphenol, bisphenol AF, bisphenol AP) in urine.
METHODS: After enzymolysis of urine sample, the target substances were quickly purified and extracted by WAX solid phase extraction column. On ACQUITY BEH C_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 μm), the mobile phase of water and methanol was used to separate. Finally, multi-reaction detection was carried out under electrospray negative ion scanning, and quantification was carried out by internal standard method.
RESULTS: The correlation coefficients(r) of the target compounds were all more than 0.998 in the range of 0.1-50.0 ng/mL, the linearity was good, and the detection limits were all lower than 0.1 ng/mL. The recoveries of the three standard concentrations(0.5, 5.0 and 50.0 ng/mL) were all between 80% and 120%, and the relative standard deviation was less than 20%(n=5). The standard reference material was detected and the concentration was within the reference range.
CONCLUSIONS: This method can be used to detect six bisphenols in urine quickly and accurately, is suitable for the trace analysis of bisphenol compounds in human urine.

Fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF) is an emerging contaminant. Presently, there is no report on its interaction with G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER). By using an integrated toxicity research scenario that combined theoretical study with experimental methods, BHPF was found to inhibit the GPER-mediated effect via direct receptor binding. Molecular dynamics simulations found that Trp2726.48 and Glu2756.51 be the key amino acids of BHPF binding with GPER. Moreover, the calculation indicated that BHPF was a suspected GPER inhibitor, which neither can activate GPER nor is able to form water channels of GPER. The role of two residues was successfully verified by following gene knockout and site-directed mutagenesis assays. Further in vitro assays showed that BHPF could attenuate the increase in intracellular concentration of free Ca2+ induced by G1-activated GPER. Besides, BHPF showed an enhanced cytotoxicity compared with G15, indicating that BHPF might be a more potent GPER inhibitor than G15. In addition, a statistically significant effect on the mRNA level of GPER was observed for BHPF. In brief, the present study proposes that BHPF be a GPER inhibitor, and its GPER molecular recognition mechanism has been revealed, which is of great significance for the health risk and assessment of BHPF.

Bisphenols and benzophenones are two typical kinds of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) that have been extensively detected in water environments, posing unanticipated risks to aquatic organisms and humans. It is urgent to develop efficient sample pretreatment methods for precise measurement of such EDCs. In this study, a magnetic and multi-shelled metal-organic framework derivative material has been prepared to extract and enrich trace bisphenols and benzophenones from water. Via a solvothermal reaction induced by sodium citrate followed by a carbonization treatment, a ZIF-67@ZIF-8 derived CoZn-magnetic hierarchical carbon (CoZn-MHC) material has been synthesized as a high-performance magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) adsorbent. This adsorbent exhibited a good specific surface area (213.80 m2⋅g-1) and a saturation magnetization of 63.2 emu·g-1. After the optimization of several parameters (including adsorbent dosage, extraction time, pH, ionic strength, desorption solvent, and solvent volume), an efficient MSPE method for several EDCs (comprising bisphenols and benzophenones) was developed with a good linear range (R2 ≥ 0.990), a high sensitivity range (LODs: 0.793-5.37 ng⋅L-1), and good reusability (RSD ≤4.67 % in five consecutive tests). Furthermore, the material exhibited commendable resistance to matrix interference in natural water samples with the recovery rates of target compounds ranging from 74.8 % to 107 %. We envision that the preparation strategy of this functional metal-organic framework (MOF)-based adsorbent for EDCs may provide insights for relevant research in the future.

We established an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for simultaneously analyzing the metabolites of bisphenols and phthalates in urine to identify the associations between these exposure levels and prostate cancer (PCa) based on a case-control study. After purifying urine samples with SPE, 18 metabolites were separated on a C18 column, and MS detection was performed. The UPLC-MS/MS method has been proven effective at evaluating bisphenol and phthalate exposure (0.020-0.20 μg/L of the limits of detection, 71.8 %∼119.4 % of recoveries, 0.4 %∼8.2 % of precision). Logistic regression explored the association between exposure level and PCa in 187 PCa cases and 151 controls. The detection rates of bisphenol A (BPA) and most phthalate metabolites were 100 % ranging from 0.06-46.74 and 0.12-899.92 μg/g creatinine, respectively, while the detection rates of other bisphenols and mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) are low, ranging from 0 % to 21.85 %. Correlation analysis of the metabolite levels indicated that the exposure sources of BPA, di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were different, and that the exposure sources of di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP) and di-isobutyl phthalate (DiBP) may differ between two groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed that BPA (OR<0.45 vs ≥1.43 =10.02) and DEHP exposure (OR<21.75 vs ≥45.42 =48.26) increased the risk of PCa.