Abstract：
Tire wear particles (TWPs) are considered an important component of microplastic pollution in the marine environment and occur together with a variety of aquatic pollutants, including frequently detected bisphenols. The adverse effects of TWPs or bisphenols on aquatic organisms have been widely reported. However, the combined toxicity of TWPs and bisphenols is still unknown. In this study, the combined toxicity of both pristine (p-) and aged TWPs (a-TWPs) and four bisphenols ((bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F (BPF), bisphenol S (BPS), and bisphenol AF (BPAF)) to Tigriopus japonicus was evaluated. TWPs increased the toxicity of BPA and BPF but decreased the toxicity of BPAF. For BPS, there was synergistic toxic effect in the presence of p-TWPs, but slightly antagonistic effect was observed in the presence of a-TWPs. This adsorption of BPAF by TWPs resulted in a reduction of its toxicity to the copepod. A-TWPs could release more Zn than p-TWPs, and the released Zn contributed to the synergistic effect of TWPs and BPA or BPF. The aggregation formed by TWPs in certain sizes (e.g., 90-110 μm) could cause intestinal damage and lipid peroxidation in T. japonicus. The synergistic effect of p-TWPs and BPS might be due to the aggregation size of the binary mixture. The results of the current study will be important to understand the combined toxic effect of TWPs and bisphenols and the potential toxic mechanisms of the binary mixture.
摘要：
轮胎磨损颗粒（TWP）被认为是海洋环境中微塑料污染的重要组成部分，并与各种水生污染物一起出现，包括经常检测到的双酚。TWP或双酚对水生生物的不利影响已被广泛报道。然而,TWP和双酚的联合毒性仍然未知。在这项研究中,原始（p-）和老化的TWPs（a-TWPs）和四种双酚（（双酚A（BPA），双酚F(BPF),双酚S(BPS),和双酚AF（BPAF））对日本虎杖进行了评估。TWPs增加了BPA和BPF的毒性，但降低了BPAF的毒性。对于BPS，在p-TWP的存在下存在协同毒性作用，但在a-TWP存在下观察到轻微的拮抗作用。TWP对BPAF的吸附导致其对co足类的毒性降低。A-TWPs比p-TWPs释放更多的锌，释放的Zn有助于TWPs和BPA或BPF的协同作用。由特定大小的TWP形成的聚集(例如，90-110μm）可引起日本竹节虫的肠道损伤和脂质过氧化。p-TWP和BPS的协同作用可能是由于二元混合物的聚集大小。当前研究的结果对于理解TWPs和双酚的联合毒性作用以及二元混合物的潜在毒性机制将是重要的。
