Retiform hemangioendothelioma (RH) is a rare intermediate (locally aggressive) vascular tumor that mostly affects the dermis of the trunk and limbs, but has never been reported in the inferior turbinate. A 10-year-old Chinese boy presented with recurrent epistaxis in his left nasal cavity and anemia for more than 2 years. Radiographic and electronic video laryngoscopic images showed an expansile mass in the left inferior turbinate. Endoscopic surgery and electrocautery were performed to resect the tumor beyond the macroscopic border. Histopathologically, the tissues were infiltrated by hyperplastic blood vessels arranged in a retiform pattern, and endothelial cells proliferate significantly in some areas. Immunohistochemistry showed a positive result for CD31, CD34, Fli-1, and ERG. No epistaxis, tumor recurrence, or metastasis was found on reexamination over 18 months after surgery.

Objective: To investigate the correlations between subjective nasal patency, nasal valve area size and aerodynamic parameters in normal nasal cavity by means of numerical simulation, and to explore the effect of nasal valve on nasal subjective sensation and nasal airflow regulation. Methods: A total of 52 healthy participants (31 males and 21 females) with the average age of 37.8 years, were recruited from the outpatient Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the Ninth People\'s Hospital Affiliated to the Medical College of Shanghai Jiao Tong University between January and August 2023. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores for unilateral nasal subjective sensation were obtained from all participants. Additionally, the aerodynamic characteristics of inspiratory airflow were simulated. A correlation matrix analysis was conducted to identify the correlation strength between these subjective and objective parameters. Results: VAS scores showed negative correlations with unilateral nasal valve cross-sectional area (r=-0.85, P<0.01) and unilateral intranasal airflow (r=-0.57, P<0.01), and was a positive correlation with unilateral nasal resistance (NR) at the front-end of inferior turbinate (r=0.61, P<0.01). The average cross-sectional area of unilateral nasal valve was (0.85±0.35) cm2. The cross-sectional area of unilateral nasal valve was negatively correlated with unilateral NR (r=-0.50, P<0.01), and positively correlated with unilateral nasal airflow (r=0.61, P<0.01). The NR at the nasal valve area accounted for (40.41±23.54)% of the total unilateral NR. Nearly half of the unilateral NR [(46.74±21.38)%] and air warming [(49.96±10.02)%] occurring before the front end of inferior turbinate were achieved. Conclusions: The nasal valve area plays a crucial role in influencing nasal NR, unilateral nasal airflow, and changes in nasal airflow temperature. Moreover, it is associated with subjective perception of nasal patency.
目的： 通过数值模拟研究正常鼻腔中鼻腔主观通畅感、鼻瓣区大小和气流动力学参数之间的相关关系，探讨鼻瓣区对鼻主观通畅感和鼻腔气流的影响作用。 方法： 2023年1—8月于上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科门诊选取52名健康受试者，其中男性31名，女性21名，平均年龄37.8岁。对受试者进行鼻主观通畅感视觉模拟量表（Visual Analog Scale，VAS）评分（双侧分别评分），运用数值模拟分析计算静息吸气状态下气流的动力学参数，通过统计学相关性矩阵分析这些主观和客观参数之间的相关程度。 结果： VAS评分与单侧鼻瓣区截面积（r=-0.85，P<0.01）和单侧鼻内气流（r=-0.57，P<0.01）呈负相关，与单侧下鼻甲前端鼻阻力（nasal resistance，NR）呈正相关（r=0.61，P<0.01）。单侧鼻瓣区横截面积为（0.85±0.35）cm2（x¯±s，后同），与单侧鼻腔NR呈中等程度负相关（r=-0.50，P<0.01），与单侧鼻气流量呈正相关（r=0.61，P<0.01）。鼻瓣区NR占全部单侧鼻腔NR的（40.41±23.54）%，近一半的单侧NR［（46.74±21.38）%］和鼻腔加温效率［（49.96±10.02）%］存在于下鼻甲前端之前。 结论： 鼻瓣区可影响鼻腔NR、单侧鼻内气流量和鼻腔气流温度变化，并与鼻腔主观通畅感存在关联。.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of adjuvant sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) in correcting structural problems in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) caused by mite who have undergone septomeatoplasty (SMP) has not been studied.
METHODS: This non-randomized controlled study recruited patients with AR (caused by mite) and concurrent septal deviation and inferior turbinate hypertrophy, at a tertiary hospital in Taiwan. SMP was performed on all patients as a surgical intervention. The patients were then divided into two groups: the control group, which underwent surgery only, and the experimental group, which received SLIT as an adjuvant treatment. Demographic data and rhinitis control assessment test (RCAT) results were analyzed.
RESULTS: A total of 96 patients were enrolled in the study (SMP + SLIT group, n = 52; SMP only group, n = 44). No significant differences were observed in any of the variables between the two groups before and one month after surgery. However, during evaluations at the third and sixth month, the SMP + SLIT group showed significant improvement in the total RCAT scores compared to the SMP only group (28.6 ± 1.56 vs. 24.5 ± 3.66, p < 0.001; 27.1 ± 2.87 vs. 19.9 ± 5.56, p < 0.001). In addition, significantly better control of all RCAT sub-categories was observed in the SMP + SLIT group at the third and sixth month evaluations.
CONCLUSIONS: SLIT may serve as an ideal adjuvant therapy after SMP in patients with AR.
METHODS: 3 Laryngoscope, 134:3073-3079, 2024.

BACKGROUND: Topical intranasal medication is required following functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). The optimal particle size of transnasal nebulization aimed at the sinonasal cavities is not conclusive. The current study aims to evaluate the effect of particle size and various surgery scope of middle turbinectomy (MT) on post-full FESS drug delivery to the sinonasal cavities.
METHODS: Sinonasal reconstructions were performed from post-full FESS CT scans in 6 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) patients. Four additional models representing alternative surgery scopes of MT were established from each post-FESS reconstruction for simulation data comparison. Airflow and particle deposition of nebulized delivery were simulated via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and validated through in vitro experiments. The optimal particle sizes reaching a deposition of at least 75% of the maximum in the targeted regions were identified.
RESULTS: The drug deposition rate onto the targeted regions increased following MT, with the greatest deposition following posterior MT (P-MT). Droplets in the range of 18-26 μm reached a deposition of larger than 75% of the maximum onto the targeted regions. Drug delivery rate in the sinonasal cavities varied significantly among individuals and across different types of MT with varying surgical scopes.
CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first to investigate the effect of various surgery scope on drug delivery by transnasal nebulization to the sinonasal cavities. The findings strongly affirm the vast potential of transnasal nebulization as an effective post-FESS treatment option. Moreover, it emphasizes that the drug delivery process via atomizers to the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is highly sensitive to the particle size.

OBJECTIVE: To obtain high-purity nasal epithelial cells (NEC) while avoiding the irritation experienced by patients during nasal biopsies.
METHODS: This prospective, observational study enrolled patients undergoing surgical treatment for nasal septum deviation. After general anaesthesia, a novel nasal scraping spoon was used to collect epithelial cells from the mid-part of the inferior turbinate. The cells were evenly plated on six-well plates coated with rat tail collagen. The morphology and growth of the cells were observed at different time-points using an inverted phase-contrast microscope. Immunofluorescent staining of cytokeratin 18 was used to identify NEC. Ki67 staining was used to check cell viability.
RESULTS: This study collected samples from 19 patients during a short procedure. No postoperative complications were observed. Cell samples ranging from 8.31 × 105 to 2.04 × 106 cells/sample were obtained. The culture model was suitable for primary NEC culture as demonstrated by the faster proliferation (5-7 days). There was no fungal or bacterial contamination. Immunofluorescent staining confirmed the presence and proliferative activity of NEC in the cultures.
CONCLUSIONS: A novel nasal scraping spoon provided an easy sampling method, avoided nasal injuries and psychological barriers to sampling and sufficient viable NEC to establish primary cultures.

BACKGROUND: Middle turbinectomy (MT) has always been controversial. MT significantly alters the anatomy and redistributes the inhaled air. The current study is designed to quantify the effect of MT with varying resection volumes on airflow and associated pollen inhalation exposure characteristics in the nasal airways.
METHODS: Six realistic models following bilateral comprehensive Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) deriving from CT images were constructed and their corresponding post-MT models with four types of MT procedures were virtually conducted. Inhalation exposure to pollen particles was simulated by the Computational Fluid-Particle Dynamics (CFPD) approach and validated through in vitro experiments.
RESULTS: Following the excision of the middle turbinate, a significant escalation in airflow was observed within the upper-middle region of the nasal cavities. Pollen deposition was observed to be more prominent in the nasal septum, laryngopharynx, and maxillary sinus, varying with the types of MT procedures. Notably, particles with diameters smaller than 50 μm exhibited two distinct \"high peaks\" and three \"small peaks\" within the nasal airways.
CONCLUSIONS: MT resulted in increased airflow volume within the upper-middle region of the nasal cavities. Following MT, notable shifts in pollen particle deposition hot spots were observed, transitioning from the nasal vestibule, nasal septum, and middle meatus to the nasal septum and laryngopharynx. These findings are anticipated to contribute valuable perspectives on pollen inhalation exposure risk assessments following diverse MT surgical interventions.

暂无摘要。

CONCLUSIONS: Empty nose syndrome (ENS) is characterized by a patent nasal airway and a sense of nasal obstruction. ENS and psychological symptoms improved after surgery and remained stable for up to three years. Identifying residual disease is necessary for enhancing therapeutic outcomes in ENS patients.

Objective: To explore the effect of vidian neurectomy and selective vidian neurectomy in the treatment of moderate and severe persistent allergic rhinitis (AR). Methods: A total of 60 patients with moderate-to-severe persistent AR treated in Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine from June 2018 to June 2020 were selected, including 28 males and 32 females. A total of 40 cases in the observation group were subjected to vidianneurectomy, while, 20 cases in the control group underwent selective vidianneurectomy. Patients in the two groups were followed up at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively, and evaluated according to AR diagnostic and efficacy assessment criteria. Four symptoms of sneezing, clear runny nose, nasal congestion, and nasal itching were scored as efficacy indices before and at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after surgery. The regression of the lower turbinate swelling after surgery was assessed by nasal endoscopy or sinus CT. Postoperative tear secretion was followed up in both groups, and patients with dry eyes were counted in combination with ocular symptoms. SPSS 19.0 software was used to statistically analyze the data before and after the surgery and between the two groups. Results: The preoperative, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year postoperative inferior turbinate signs were (2.73±0.45), (1.20±0.41), (1.25±0.49) and (1.30±0.56) points in the observation group and (2.75±0.44), (1.45±0.69), (1.75±0.72) and (1.90±0.85) points in the control group, respectively, with a statistically significant difference in the between-subjects effect test between the two groups (F=8.28, P<0.05), indicating a more durable surgical effect in the observation group. The total effective rate at 2 years after surgery was 95.0% (38/40) in the observation group and 50% (10/20) in the control group. The difference between the two groups by Fisher\'s exact test was statistically significant. No dry eye patient was found in either group at a 1.5-year postoperative follow-up. Conclusion: Both vidianneurectomy and selective vidianneurectomy have good recent treatment effects, vidianneurectomy has better long-term curative effects than selective vidianneurectomy.
目的： 探究翼管神经主干切断术和选择性翼管神经分支切断术治疗中重度持续性变应性鼻炎（AR）的效果。 方法： 选取2018年6月至2020年6月于浙江省中西医结合医院接受治疗的中重度持续性AR患者60例，其中男28例，女32例。观察组采用翼管神经主干切断术，共40例；对照组采用翼管神经分支切断术，共20例。分别于术后6个月、1年和2年对两组患者进行近远期疗效随访，参照AR诊断及疗效评定标准进行评价。将术前及术后6个月、1年和2年的喷嚏、流清涕、鼻塞和鼻痒4个症状作为疗效指数进行评分。通过鼻内镜或鼻窦CT评估术后下鼻甲肿胀消退的情况。随访两组患者术后泪液分泌情况，结合眼部症状，对干眼症患者进行计数。采用SPSS 19.0软件对手术前后及两组之间数据进行统计学分析。 结果： 术前、术后6个月、1年和2年的下鼻甲体征在观察组分别为（2.73±0.45）、（1.20±0.41）、（1.25±0.49）和（1.30±0.56）分，对照组分别为（2.75±0.44）、（1.45±0.69）、（1.75±0.72）和（1.90±0.85）分，两组主体间效应检验差异有统计学意义（F=8.28，P<0.05），提示观察组的手术效果更持久。术后2年的总有效率观察组为95.0%（38/40），对照组为50%（10/20）。费希尔精确检验两组之间差异有统计学意义（χ2=16.88，P<0.05）。术后随访1.5年时，两组均未出现干眼症患者。 结论： 翼管神经主干切断术和选择性翼管神经分支切断术均有很好的近期治疗效果，前者较后者具有更好的远期疗效。.

OBJECTIVE: Adrenocorticotrophic hormone excessive secretion in pituitary-dependent Cushing disease (CD) patients may lead to anatomic variations of the nasal-sphenoidal corridor as a result of hormone-induced abnormal soft tissue change. However, there is still a lack of data on anatomic dimensions in CD patients. In this study, magnetic resonance images were analyzed to determine the anatomic variations of the nasal cavity and sphenoid sinus in CD patients.
METHODS: A retrospective radiographic analysis was conducted on CD patients undergoing endonasal transsphenoidal surgery as primary treatment between January 2013 and December 2017. A total of 97 CD patients and 100 controls were included. The nasal and sphenoidal anatomic dimensions of CD patients were compared with the control group.
RESULTS: Both sides of nasal cavity height, middle nasal meatus width, and inferior nasal meatus width in CD patients were narrower than that of controls. When compared with controls, the ratio of the middle turbinate to middle nasal meatus and the ratio of inferior turbinate to inferior nasal meatus was found to increase on both sides in CD patients. Intercarotid distance of CD patients was shorter than that of controls. The most prevalent pneumatization pattern of CD patients was postsellar, followed by sellar, presellar, and conchal.
CONCLUSIONS: Cushing disease patients have nasal and sphenoidal anatomic variations affecting the endonasal transsphenoidal surgical corridor, especially the shorter intercarotid distance. The neurosurgeon should be aware of these anatomic variations, and adapt surgical techniques and optimal approaches to reach the sella safely.