UNASSIGNED: To compare the effectiveness of long and short proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) in the treatment of type A2.3 intertrochanteric fracture of femur (IFF).
UNASSIGNED: The clinical data of 54 patients with type A2.3 IFF admitted between January 2020 and December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the length of PFNA nail used in the operation, they were divided into long nail group (PFNA nail length>240 mm, 24 cases) and short nail group (PFNA nail length≤240 mm, 30 cases). There was no significant difference in baseline data such as gender, age, fracture side, body mass index, and time from fracture to operation between the two groups ( P>0.05). The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency, intraoperative reduction quality score, fracture healing, and complications of the two groups were recorded and compared. Harris score was used to evaluate the hip function of patients at 1 year after operation. According to the relationship between the fracture line of type A2.3 IFF and the lesser trochanter, the two groups of patients were divided into type Ⅰ(the fracture line extends to the level of the lesser trochanter), type Ⅱ(the fracture line extends to less than 2 cm below the lesser trochanter), and type Ⅲ (the fracture line extends to more than 2 cm below the lesser trochanter), and the postoperative stability and internal fixator loosening of each subtype were evaluated.
UNASSIGNED: The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and intraoperative fluoroscopy frequency in short nail group were significantly less than those in long nail group ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the intraoperative reduction quality score between the two groups ( P>0.05). Patients in both groups were followed up 12-18 months, with an average of 13.5 months. The postoperative stability score of short nail group was significantly lower than that of long nail group ( P<0.05). The Harris score in the long nail group was significantly higher than that in the short nail group at 1 year after operation ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in Harris score grading between the two groups ( P>0.05). Complications occurred in 3 cases of the long nail group (including 1 case of coxa varus caused by external nail entry point and 2 cases of loose internal fixator), and 7 cases of the short nail group (including 1 case of coxa varus caused by external nail entry point and 6 cases of loose internal fixator). Neither group had any anterior femoral arch damage, there was no significant difference in the incidence of complications between the two groups ( P>0.05). The number of type Ⅲ patients was relatively small and not included in the statistics; there was no significant difference in the postoperative stability score and the incidence of internal fixator loosening between the long and short nail groups in type Ⅰ patients ( P>0.05). In type Ⅱ patients, the postoperative stability score and the incidence of internal fixation loosening in the long nail group were significantly better than those in the short nail group ( P<0.05).
UNASSIGNED: Long PFNA fixation for type A2.3 IFF has longer operation time and more intraoperative blood loss, but the overall stability of fracture is better after operation. For type A2.3 IFF with fracture line extending to less than 2 cm below the lesser trochanter, long PFNA is used for fixation, although the surgical trauma is large, but the postoperative stability is better than that of short PFNA; for type A2.3 IFF with fracture line extending to the lesser trochanter, there is no significant difference in postoperative stability between long and short PFNAs.
UNASSIGNED: 比较长、短股骨近端防旋髓内钉（proximal femoral nail anti-rotation，PFNA）治疗A2.3型股骨转子间骨折（intertrochanteric fracture of femur，IFF）的临床疗效。.
UNASSIGNED: 回顾分析2020年1月—2022年12月收治且符合选择标准的54例A2.3型IFF患者临床资料，根据术中使用的PFNA主钉长度分为长钉组（PFNA主钉长度>240 mm，24例）和短钉组（PFNA主钉长度≤240 mm，30例）。两组患者性别、年龄、骨折侧别、身体质量指数、骨折至手术时间等基线资料比较差异均无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。记录并比较两组患者手术时间、术中失血量、术中透视次数、术中复位质量评分、骨折愈合情况及并发症发生情况；术后1年采用Harris评分评价患者髋关节功能。根据A2.3型IFF骨折线与小转子的关系，将两组患者细分为Ⅰ型（骨折线延伸至小转子水平）、Ⅱ型（骨折线延伸至小转子下方2 cm以内）、Ⅲ型（骨折线延伸至小转子下方2 cm以外），评价各亚型患者术后稳定性及内固定物松动情况。.
UNASSIGNED: 短钉组手术时间、术中失血量、术中透视次数均少于长钉组（ P<0.05）；两组术中复位质量评分比较差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。两组患者均获随访，随访时间12～18个月，平均13.5个月。短钉组术后稳定性评分低于长钉组（ P<0.05）。术后1年长钉组Harris评分优于短钉组（ P<0.05），但两组Harris评分等级比较差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。长钉组有3例发生并发症（包括1例入钉点偏外导致髋内翻，2例复位丢失均发生内固定物松动），短钉组有7例发生并发症（包括1例入钉点偏外导致髋内翻，6例复位丢失均发生内固定物松动），两组均无股骨前弓破损发生；两组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）。Ⅲ型患者因例数较少未纳入统计；Ⅰ型患者中长、短钉组术后稳定性评分及内固定物松动发生率比较差异无统计学意义（ P>0.05）；Ⅱ型患者中长钉组术后稳定性评分及内固定物松动发生率均明显优于短钉组（ P<0.05）。.
UNASSIGNED: 长PFNA固定A2.3型IFF手术时间长、术中失血量多，但患者术后总体稳定性更好。对于骨折线延伸至小转子以下2 cm以内的A2.3型IFF使用长PFNA固定，虽然手术创伤大，但患者术后稳定性较短PFNA好；对于骨折线延伸至小转子水平的A2.3型IFF使用长、短PFNA固定术后稳定性无明显差异。.

With the substantial increase in the overuse of glucocorticoids (GCs) in clinical medicine, the prevalence of glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (GC-ONFH) continues to rise in recent years. However, the optimal treatment for GC-ONFH remains elusive. Rotating magnetic field (RMF), considered as a non-invasive, safe and effective approach, has been proved to have multiple beneficial biological effects including improving bone diseases. To verify the effects of RMF on GC-ONFH, a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and methylprednisolone (MPS)-induced invivo rat model, and an MPS-induced invitro cell model have been employed. The results demonstrate that RMF alleviated bone mineral loss and femoral head collapse in GC-ONFH rats. Meanwhile, RMF reduced serum lipid levels, attenuated cystic lesions, raised the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and osteoprotegerin (OPG), while suppressed the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and nuclear factor receptor activator-κB (RANK) in GC-ONFH rats. Besides, RMF also facilitated the generation of ALP, attenuated apoptosis and inhibits the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins, facilitated the expression of OPG, and inhibited the expression of RANK in MPS-stimulated MC3T3-E1 cells. Thus, this study indicates that RMF can improve GC-ONFH in rat and cell models, suggesting that RMF have the potential in the treatment of clinical GC-ONFH.

Crop diversification practices offer numerous synergistic benefits. So far, research has traditionally been confined to exploring isolated, unidirectional single-process interactions among plants, soil, and microorganisms. Here, we present a novel and systematic perspective, unveiling the intricate web of plant-soil-microbiome interactions that trigger cascading effects. Applying the principles of cascading interactions can be an alternative way to overcome soil obstacles such as soil compaction and soil pathogen pressure. Finally, we introduce a research framework comprising the design of diversified cropping systems by including commercial varieties and crops with resource-efficient traits, the exploration of cascading effects, and the innovation of field management. We propose that this provides theoretical and methodological insights that can reveal new mechanisms by which crop diversity increases productivity.

UNASSIGNED: This study aims to examine the relationship between functional movements and golf performance using the Golf Specific Functional Movement Screen (GSFMS).
UNASSIGNED: This cross-sectional study included a total of 56 collegiate golfers (aged 20.89 ± 0.99 years, height of 174.55 ± 7.76 cm, and weight 68.48 ± 9.30 kg) who met the criteria, and were recruited from Hainan Normal University in June 2022. The participants\' golf motor skills (1-yard putt, 10-yard putt, 25-yard chip, 130/100-yard set shot, driver, and 9-hole stroke play) were tested and the GSFMS (e.g., pelvic tilt, pelvic rotation, and torso rotation) was used.
UNASSIGNED: There were significant weak or moderate correlations between the variables. Furthermore, a multiple linear regression analysis found that pelvic rotation and lower-body rotation abilities can significantly predict golf skill levels, which collectively explain 31.2% of the variance in golf skill levels among collegiate golfers (Adjusted R2 = 0.312, F = 2.663, p < 0.05). Standardised β values indicate that pelvic rotation (β = 0.398) has a more substantial impact on golf skill levels than lower-body rotation (β = 0.315).
UNASSIGNED: This study found the weak to moderate correlations between the GSFMS and golf performance, and pelvic rotation and lower-body rotation abilities, thus predicting golf skills. Our findings provide novel insights into the relationship between functional abilities and comprehensive skill performance within the context of the Gray Cook\'s Movement Pyramid model, and provide theoretical support and practical reference for collegiate golf motor-skill learning and sports injury prevention.

BACKGROUND: Accurately estimating the 6D pose of snake-like wrist-type surgical instruments is challenging due to their complex kinematics and flexible design.
METHODS: We propose ERegPose, a comprehensive strategy for precise 6D pose estimation. The strategy consists of two components: ERegPoseNet, an original deep neural network model designed for explicit regression of the instrument\'s 6D pose, and an annotated in-house dataset of simulated surgical operations. To capture rotational features, we employ an Single Shot multibox Detector (SSD)-like detector to generate bounding boxes of the instrument tip.
RESULTS: ERegPoseNet achieves an error of 1.056 mm in 3D translation, 0.073 rad in 3D rotation, and an average distance (ADD) metric of 3.974 mm, indicating an overall spatial transformation error. The necessity of the SSD-like detector and L1 loss is validated through experiments.
CONCLUSIONS: ERegPose outperforms existing approaches, providing accurate 6D pose estimation for snake-like wrist-type surgical instruments. Its practical applications in various surgical tasks hold great promise.

BACKGROUND: The present study aimed to analyze and compare the efficacy of the anterolateral and posterolateral approaches for surgical treatment of supination-external rotation type IV ankle fractures.
METHODS: This retrospective study enrolled 60 patients (60 feet) with supination-external rotation type IV ankle fractures, including 30 patients (30 feet) treated by means of the anterolateral approach and 30 patients (30 feet) treated by means of the posterolateral approach. Postoperative clinical efficacy was compared between the groups based on operation time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, fracture healing time, visual analog scale scores, Short Form-36 Health Survey scores, and American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scores. Comparisons between the two groups were performed using independent-samples t tests and analyses of variance. Intragroup differences were compared using paired t tests, and the χ2 test was used to compare categorical variables.
RESULTS: All 60 included patients completed follow-up ranging from 12 to 18 months (mean duration, 14.8 ± 3.5 months). Although baseline characteristics were similar in the two groups, there were significant differences in operation time (86.73 ± 17.44 min versus 111.23 ± 10.05 min; P < .001) and intraoperative blood loss (112.60 ± 25.05 mL versus 149.47 ± 44.30 mL; P < .001). Although fracture healing time (10.90 ± 0.66 weeks versus 11.27 ± 0.94 weeks; P = .087) was shorter in the anterolateral group than in the posterolateral group, the difference was not significant. Postoperative complications occurred in one and three patients in the anterolateral and posterolateral approach groups, respectively. Visual analog scale scores were significantly lower in the anterolateral group than in the posterolateral group (1.43 ± 0.50 versus 1.83 ± 0.75; P = .019), although there was no significant difference in Short Form-36 Health Survey scores between the groups (73.63 ± 4.07 versus 72.70 ± 4.04; P = .377). However, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society scores were higher in the anterolateral group than in the posterolateral group (80.43 ± 4.32 versus 75.43 ± 11.32; P = .030).
CONCLUSIONS: Both the anterolateral and posterolateral approaches can achieve good results in the treatment of supination-external rotation type IV ankle fractures. Compared with the posterolateral approach, the anterolateral approach is advantageous for the treatment of supination-external rotation type IV ankle fractures given its safety and ability to reduce trauma, clear field of view revealed, and allow for exploration and repair of the inferior tibiofibular anterior syndesmosis within the same incision.

Most hyperaccumulators cannot maintain vigorous growth throughout the year, which may result in a low phytoextraction efficiency for a few months. In the present study, rotation of two hyperaccumulators is proposed to address this issue. An 18-month field experiment was conducted to evaluate the phytoextraction efficiency of Cd by the monoculture and rotation of Celosia argentea and Sedum plumbizincicola. The results showed that rotation increased amount of extracted Cd increased by 2.3 and 1.6 times compared with monoculture of C. argentea and S. plumbizincicola. In rotation system, the biomass of S. plumbizincicola and Cd accumulation in C. argentea increased by 54.4% and 40.7%, respectively. Rotation reduced fallow time and increased harvesting frequency, thereby enhancing Cd phytoextraction. Planting C. argentea significantly decreased soil pathogenic microbes and increased the abundances of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase genes, which may be beneficial for the growth of S. plumbizincicola. Planting S. plumbizincicola increased the abundance of sulfur oxidization (SOX) system genes and decreased soil pH (p < 0.05), thereby increasing the Cd uptake by C. argentea. These findings indicated that rotation of C. argentea and S. plumbizincicola is a promising method for promoting Cd phytoextraction.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of bracing on apical vertebral derotation and explore the factors that influence in-brace derotation effects in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) patients. For patients with AIS, vertebral rotation causes cosmetic appearance abnormalities and acts as an indicator for curve progression. However, there have been few studies investigating the precise derotation effects of bracing for apical vertebra. The application of EOS imaging system enables quantitative evaluation of vertebral rotation in the axial plane in a standing position.
METHODS: There were 82 eligible patients enrolled in current study, who underwent EOS imaging evaluation before and immediately after bracing. The clinical demographic data (age, gender, Risser sign and menstrual status) were recorded. The correlation analyses between derotation effects and key parameters (age, pre-brace Cobb angle, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, vertebral rotation, pelvis axial rotation and apical vertebral level) were performed. The in-brace derotation effects stratified by gender, Risser sign, apical vertebral level, menarche status, coronal balance and sagittal balance were also analyzed.
RESULTS: The rotation of apical vertebra was decreased from 8.8 ± 6.0 degrees before bracing to 3.8 ± 3.3 degrees immediately after bracing (p < 0.001), and the derotation rate was 49.2 ± 38.3%. The derotation degrees in brace was significantly correlated with major curve Cobb angle (r = 0.240, p = 0.030), minor curve Cobb angle (r = 0.256, p = 0.020) and total curve Cobb angle (r = 0.266, p = 0.016). Both the pre-brace apical vertebral rotation and apical vertebral level were significantly correlated with derotation effects in brace (p < 0.001). Patients with thoracic major curve showed worse derotation effects than those with lumbar major curve (p < 0.001). In addition, patients with coronal balance showed better in-brace derotation effects than those with coronal decompensation (p = 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS: A satisfactory apical vertebral derotation rate (approximately 50%) could be obtained immediately after bracing in AIS patients. Pre-brace Cobb angle of curve, pre-brace apical vertebral rotation, apical vertebral level and coronal balance exhibited close associations with in-brace derotation effects of apical vertebra.

BACKGROUND: Rotational alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a crucial technical point that needs attention. We conducted a retrospective study to investigate whether a new robot-assisted TKA (RA-TKA) could improve the accuracy of rotational alignment and whether rotational alignment affects postoperative pain and functional evaluation of the knee.
METHODS: A total of 136 consecutive patients who underwent TKA were included in this study. Half of the patients underwent RA-TKA and the other half underwent conventional TKA (CON-TKA) by the same group of surgeons. Collect the relevant parameters.
RESULTS: The postoperative femoral rotation angle (FRA) was -0.72 ± 2.59° in the robot-assisted group and 1.13 ± 2.73° in the conventional group, and were statistically significantly different (p < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides preliminary evidence that the RA-TKA provides more precise control of FRA than CON-TKA, and verifies that tibial rotation angle and combined rotation angle affect postoperative knee pain and functional evaluation.

Straw return is an effective measure to promote sustainable agriculture by significantly improving soil fertility. At present, few studies have been conducted on the most effective carbon enhancing management measures for various crops. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis using data collected from 184 literature sources, comprising 3297 data sets to analyze the carbon increase effects of straw returning in three main crops (rice, maize, and wheat) in China and to explore the influence mechanism of natural factors, soil properties, straw return measures, and cropping systems on the carbon enhancement effect. The study showed that straw return significantly increased soil organic carbon and the rate of increase was higher for wheat at 15.88% (14.74%-17.03%) than for rice at 12.7% (11.5%-13.91%) and maize at 12.42% (11.42%-13.42%), with varying degrees of improvement in other soil physicochemical properties. Natural factors have the greatest impact on the carbon increasing effect of rice fields, reaching 28.8%, especially at temperature between 10 °C and 15 °C, less than 800 mm precipitation, low latitude, and short frost-free period. Maize and wheat are most affected by soil properties, reaching 41% and 34.5% respectively. Furthermore, field management practices also play a pivotal role, organic carbon increasing obviously was observed when the C/N ratio of exogenous nutrients is bigger than 20 with the low initial organic matter. Shallow tillage and less than 7.5 t hm-2 straw returning with 3-10 years to the field are ideal for rice and maize. Crop rotation, especially in drylands, increased soil organic carbon more significantly than continuous. The results of our analysis can provide valuable insights into the effect of straw return on carbon increase. In the future, the soil carbon can be improved by adopting rational cropping patterns and straw return measures with taking into account climate and soil characteristics for different crops.