我们旨在全面分析意识,中青年普通人群对流感疫苗的知识和态度以及与疫苗接受相关的因素,医护人员,以及中国卫生相关管理人员。在医护人员和管理人员中还评估了影响流感疫苗接种推广的因素。
这是一个多中心,横断面研究。普通成年人,医护人员(HCWs),在2020-2021年流感季节期间,中国七个地区的卫生管理人员参加了培训。数据是通过在线问卷收集的,其中包括关于意识的信息请求,知识,以及对流感疫苗接种的态度。统计学显著性设定为p-值<0.05。
我们的分析中包括了总共3,239名个体。意识到行动存在差距,特别是在意识(87.1%)和知识(57.7%)之间,意愿(57.3%)和疫苗接种(22.3%)之间。所有三组的下降趋势相似。HCW组和卫生管理员组显示出比普通人群更积极的接受流感疫苗的倾向。对于普通人群来说,受教育程度较低(低于学士学位)的患者接种疫苗的可能性较小(aOR=0.66,95%CI:0.45-0.96).对于HCW组,与25岁以下的从业者相比,45岁以上的从业者更不愿意接种疫苗(aOR=0.41,95%CI:0.19~0.86).对于健康管理员组,26岁及以上的人员不太倾向于接种疫苗(aORs=0.17-0.20)。在所有组中,在过去5年中接种过流感疫苗的人群(aOR=1.72,95%CI:在一般人群中1.31-2.26,13.05,95%CI:HCW组7.71-22.10,和19.30,95%CI:健康管理员组的9.66-42.63)更有可能在未来的季节接种疫苗。未被免费计划覆盖的人或不了解相关计划的人接种疫苗的可能性较小(aORs<0.63)。大多数(70.8%)的HCWs表示有意推荐流感疫苗。临床医生,那些自己注射流感疫苗的人,那些有更多知识的人,更喜欢提出建议。卫生管理员指出,预算资源和劳动力不足,公众意识低下是推广流感疫苗的主要困难。
不同人群对流感疫苗接种态度的影响因素各不相同。各国政府需要开展有重点的疫苗接种推广计划,特别是对于医护人员来说,提高流感疫苗接种的覆盖率。
We aimed to comprehensively analyze awareness, knowledge and attitude toward influenza vaccine and the factors associated to vaccine acceptance among the young and middle-aged general population, healthcare workers, and health-related administrators in
China. The factors influencing the promotion of influenza vaccination were also evaluated among healthcare workers and administrators.
This is a multicenter, cross-sectional study. General population adults, healthcare workers (HCWs), and health administrators were enrolled in seven regions across
China during the 2020-2021 flu season. Data were collected via an online questionnaire, which included information request as to awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward influenza vaccination. Statistical significance set at p-values < 0.05.
A total of 3,239 individuals were included in our analyses. There were gaps in consciousness to action, especially between awareness (87.1%) and knowledge (57.7%), and between willingness (57.3%) and vaccination (22.3%). The downward trends were similar in all three groups. HCW group and the health administrator group showed more positive propensity to accept influenza vaccines than the general population group. For the general population group, those with a lower educational level (lower than a bachelor\'s degree) were less likely to be vaccinated (aOR = 0.66, 95% CI: 0.45-0.96). For the HCW group, practitioners older than 45 years were more reluctant to be vaccinated than those under 25 years (aOR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19-0.86). For the health administrator group, personnel aged 26 years and above were less inclined to be vaccinated (aORs = 0.17-0.20). In all groups, people who had received influenza vaccines in the past 5 years (aOR = 1.72, 95% CI: 1.31-2.26 in general population group, 13.05, 95% CI: 7.71-22.10 in HCW group, and 19.30, 95% CI: 9.66-42.63 in health administrator group) were more likely to be vaccinated in future seasons. People who were not covered by the free program or those without awareness of the related programs were less likely to be vaccinated (aORs < 0.63). Most (70.8%) of HCWs showed intention to recommend the influenza vaccine. Clinical doctors, those who had flu shots themselves, and those who had more knowledge, were more like to make recommendations. Health administrators stated that insufficient budget resources and workforce, and low public awareness are main difficulties in the promotion of influenza vaccine.
The influencing factors of the attitude toward influenza vaccination vary across populations. Governments need to carry out focused vaccination promotion programs, especially for healthcare workers, to improve the coverage of influenza vaccination.