■中国是一个农业大国,大部分人口居住在农村地区。农村卫生资源配置对农村居民基本生命健康权益的影响显著。尽管中国政府在改善农村医疗保健方面取得了进展,仍有改进的空间。本研究旨在评估中国农村卫生资源配置效率的空间溢出效应。特别关注乡镇卫生院(THC),并考察影响这一效率的因素,为我国农村卫生资源的优化配置提供建议。
■本研究通过使用超效率SBM模型和全球Malmquist模型,分析了2012年至2021年中国农村地区的卫生资源配置效率。此外,通过Moran检验验证了THC卫生资源配置效率的空间自相关性,构建了三个空间计量经济模型,进一步分析了效率的影响因素。
■主要发现是:首先,THC中卫生资源分配的平均效率为0.676,这表明过去10年卫生资源分配效率普遍低下.其次,THC的平均Malmquist生产率指数为0.968,表明效率呈下降趋势,具有非规模和非技术效率特征。第三,Moran指数分析表明,效率具有显著的空间自相关,大多数省份的值位于空间集聚象限。第四,SDM模型确定了不同程度影响THC卫生资源配置效率的几个因素,包括总卫生资源配置的效率,人口密度,PGDP,城市失业率,人均可支配收入,人均医疗支出比率,公共卫生预算,和客运量。
■为了提高中国THC医疗资源配置的效率,政府不仅要管理卫生资源的投资,以符合卫生服务的实际需求,还要利用效率的空间溢出效应。这涉及到关注医疗资源总体配置效率等因素,人口密度,等。切实提高卫生资源配置效率,保障农村居民健康。
UNASSIGNED: China is a large agricultural nation with the majority of the population residing in rural areas. The allocation of health resources in rural areas significantly affects the basic rights to life and health for rural residents. Despite the progress made by the Chinese government in improving rural healthcare, there is still room for improvement. This study aims to assess the spatial spillover effects of rural health resource allocation efficiency in
China, particularly focusing on township health centers (THCs), and examine the factors influencing this efficiency to provide recommendations to optimize the allocation of health resources in rural
China.
UNASSIGNED: This study analyzed health resource allocation efficiency in Chinese rural areas from 2012 to 2021 by using the super-efficiency SBM model and the global Malmquist model. Additionally, the spatial auto-correlation of THC health resource allocation efficiency was verified through Moran test, and three spatial econometric models were constructed to further analyze the factors influencing efficiency.
UNASSIGNED: The key findings are: firstly, the average efficiency of health resource allocation in THCs was 0.676, suggesting a generally inefficient allocation of health resources over the decade. Secondly, the average Malmquist productivity index of THCs was 0.968, indicating a downward trend in efficiency with both non-scale and non-technical efficient features. Thirdly, Moran\'s Index analysis revealed that efficiency has a significant spatial auto-correlation and most provinces\' values are located in the spatial agglomeration quadrant. Fourthly, the SDM model identified several factors that impact THC health resource allocation efficiency to varying degrees, including the efficiency of total health resource allocation, population density, PGDP, urban unemployment rate, per capita disposable income, per capita healthcare expenditure ratio, public health budget, and passenger traffic volume.
UNASSIGNED: To enhance the efficiency of THC healthcare resource allocation in
China, the government should not only manage the investment of health resources to align with the actual demand for health services but also make use of the spatial spillover effect of efficiency. This involves focusing on factors such as total healthcare resource allocation efficiency, population density, etc. to effectively enhance the efficiency of health resource allocation and ensure the health of rural residents.