水产养殖是全球增长最快的食品生产部门,因为它已成为全球粮食供应的重要组成部分。就产量而言,中国拥有世界上最大的水产养殖业。然而,鱼类养殖的可持续发展受到几个问题的阻碍,包括种质退化和疾病爆发。基因组育种的实践,严重依赖于基因组信息和基因型表型关系,具有提高水产养殖生产效率的巨大潜力。2014年中国舌根基因组测序和注释的完成标志着中国鱼类基因组学时代的开始。从那以后,国内研究人员在功能基因组研究方面取得了巨大进展。迄今为止,对我国60多种鱼类的基因组进行了组装和注释。基于这些参考基因组,进化,比较,和功能基因组研究彻底改变了我们对鱼类广泛的生物和经济重要特征的理解,包括成长和发展,性别决定,抗病性,变态,和色素沉着。此外,基因组工具和育种技术,如SNP阵列,基因组选择,和基因组编辑通过将功能性基因组信息整合到育种活动中,大大加速了遗传改良。这篇综述旨在总结目前的现状,预付款,以及基因组资源的观点,重要性状的基因组研究,和中国鱼类基因组育种技术。该评论将为水产养殖研究人员提供,鱼饲养员,和农民提供有关鱼类基因组研究和育种技术的最新信息。该结论将有助于促进生产性状的遗传改良,从而支持鱼类养殖业的可持续发展。
Aquaculture represents the fastest-growing global food production sector, as it has become an essential component of the global food supply.
China has the world\'s largest aquaculture industry in terms of production volume. However, the sustainable development of fish culture is hindered by several concerns, including germplasm degradation and disease outbreaks. The practice of genomic breeding, which relies heavily on genome information and genotypephenotype relationships, has significant potential for increasing the efficiency of aquaculture production. In 2014, the completion of the genome sequencing and annotation of the Chinese tongue sole signified the beginning of the fish genomics era in
China. Since then, domestic researchers have made dramatic progress in functional genomic studies. To date, the genomes of more than 60 species of fish in
China have been assembled and annotated. Based on these reference genomes, evolutionary, comparative, and functional genomic studies have revolutionized our understanding of a wide range of biologically and economically important traits of fishes, including growth and development, sex determination, disease resistance, metamorphosis, and pigmentation. Furthermore, genomic tools and breeding techniques such as SNP arrays, genomic selection, and genome editing have greatly accelerated genetic improvement through the incorporation of functional genomic information into breeding activities. This review aims to summarize the current status, advances, and perspectives of the genome resources, genomic study of important traits, and genomic breeding techniques of fish in
China. The review will provide aquaculture researchers, fish breeders, and farmers with updated information concerning fish genomic research and breeding technology. The summary will help to promote the genetic improvement of production traits and thus will support the sustainable development of fish aquaculture.