结论:该综述在三个主题下讨论了小小米的生长和干旱响应机制:干旱逃逸,抗旱和抗旱。干旱是影响植物生长的最突出的非生物胁迫之一,性能,和生产力。在气候变化的背景下,在全球许多农业地区,干旱的患病率和严重性预计将增加。谷子(粗粮)是在世界各地的干旱和半干旱地区种植的一组小种子草,是人类和牲畜的重要食物和饲料来源。虽然是小小米,即,谷草,手指小米,proso小米,谷子,kodo小米和小小米通常比谷物和主要小米(高粱和小米)更坚硬,更耐旱,理解他们的反应,应对干旱的过程和策略更为有限。这里,我们在三个主题下回顾了小小米的抗旱策略:干旱逃逸(例如,作物周期短,短植物期,同化物的发育可塑性和再动员),避免干旱(例如,根系性状更好的吸水率和叶片性状控制水分流失),和耐旱性(例如,渗透调节,维持光合能力和抗氧化潜力)。总结了来自“组学”研究的数据,以概述在耐旱性中重要的分子机制。此外,最后一节强调了知识差距和改善小小米的挑战。鉴于与气候相关的干旱增加,本综述旨在增强主要谷物和小米本身。
CONCLUSIONS: The
review discusses growth and drought-response mechanisms in minor millets under three themes: drought escape, drought avoidance and drought tolerance. Drought is one of the most prominent abiotic stresses impacting plant growth, performance, and productivity. In the context of climate change, the prevalence and severity of drought is expected to increase in many agricultural regions worldwide. Millets (coarse grains) are a group of small-seeded grasses cultivated in arid and semi-arid regions throughout the world and are an important source of food and feed for humans and livestock. Although minor millets, i.e., foxtail millet, finger millet, proso millet, barnyard millet, kodo millet and little millet are generally hardier and more drought-resistant than cereals and major millets (sorghum and pearl millet), understanding their responses, processes and strategies in response to drought is more limited. Here, we
review drought resistance strategies in minor millets under three themes: drought escape (e.g., short crop cycle, short vegetative period, developmental plasticity and remobilization of assimilates), drought avoidance (e.g., root traits for better water absorption and leaf traits to control water loss), and drought tolerance (e.g., osmotic adjustment, maintenance of photosynthetic ability and antioxidant potential). Data from \'omics\' studies are summarized to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms important in drought tolerance. In addition, the final section highlights knowledge gaps and challenges to improving minor millets. This
review is intended to enhance major cereals and millet per se in light of climate-related increases in aridity.