背景:产黄青霉是一种丝状真菌物种,具有不同的栖息地,然而,对其适应极端海底沉积环境的遗传学知之甚少。
结果:这里,我们报告了从海底下方2306m的深层含煤沉积物中分离出的产黄假单胞菌菌株28R-6-F01的发现。这种菌株具有特殊的特征,包括在高温(45°C)等极端条件下茁壮成长的能力,高压(35Mpa),和厌氧环境,并具有广谱抗微生物活性,产生浓度为358μg/mL的抗生素青霉素。基因组测序和组装显示基因组大小为33.19Mb,GC含量为48.84%,含有6959个编码基因。与八种陆生菌株的比较分析确定了88种主要与青霉素和黄曲霉毒素生物合成相关的独特基因,碳水化合物降解,病毒抗性,和三个次级代谢基因簇。此外,观察到与DNA修复相关的基因家族的显著扩增,可能与菌株对其环境生态位的适应有关。
结论:我们的发现提供了对适应极端厌氧海底沉积环境的产黄假单胞菌的基因组和生物学特征的见解,如高温和高压。
BACKGROUND: Penicillium chrysogenum is a filamentous fungal species with diverse habitats, yet little is known about its genetics in adapting to extreme subseafloor sedimental environments.
RESULTS: Here, we report the discovery of P. chrysogenum strain 28R-6-F01, isolated from deep coal-bearing sediments 2306 m beneath the seafloor. This strain possesses exceptional characteristics, including the ability to thrive in extreme conditions such as high temperature (45 °C), high pressure (35 Mpa), and anaerobic environments, and exhibits broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, producing the antibiotic penicillin at a concentration of 358 μg/mL. Genome sequencing and assembly revealed a genome size of 33.19 Mb with a GC content of 48.84%, containing 6959 coding genes. Comparative analysis with eight terrestrial strains identified 88 unique genes primarily associated with penicillin and aflatoxins biosynthesis, carbohydrate degradation, viral resistance, and three secondary metabolism gene clusters. Furthermore, significant expansions in gene families related to DNA repair were observed, likely linked to the strain\'s adaptation to its environmental niche.
CONCLUSIONS: Our findings provide insights into the genomic and biological characteristics of P. chrysogenum adaptation to extreme anaerobic subseafloor sedimentary environments, such as high temperature and pressure.