Abstract：
Fungi, particularly filamentous fungi and macrofungi, have a very powerful ability to produce secondary metabolites and can serve as excellent chassis cells for the production of enzymes or natural products of great value in synthetic biology. Thus, it is imperative to establish simple, reliable, and efficient techniques for their genetic modification. However, the heterokaryosis of some fungi and the dominance of nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) repair mechanisms in vivo have been greatly affecting the efficiency of fungal gene editing. In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas9 system has been applied as a widely used gene editing technology in life science research and has also played an important role in the genetic modification of filamentous and macrofungi. The various functional components (cas9, sgRNA, promoter, and screening marker) of the CRISPR/Cas9 system and its development, as well as the difficulties and potential of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in filamentous fungus and macrofungi, are the main topics of this paper.
摘要：
真菌,特别是丝状真菌和大型真菌，具有非常强大的生产次级代谢产物的能力，并且可以作为出色的底盘细胞，用于生产在合成生物学中具有重要价值的酶或天然产物。因此，必须建立简单的，可靠,和有效的基因改造技术。然而,某些真菌的异核化和体内非同源末端连接（NHEJ）修复机制的优势极大地影响了真菌基因编辑的效率。近年来,CRISPR/Cas9系统作为一种广泛应用于生命科学研究的基因编辑技术,在丝状真菌和大型真菌的基因修饰中发挥了重要作用。各种功能成分(cas9，sgRNA，启动子,和筛选标记）的CRISPR/Cas9系统及其开发，以及CRISPR/Cas9系统在丝状真菌和大型真菌中的困难和潜力，是本文的主要议题。
