智能纳米材料是以可控和可逆的方式对外部物理或化学刺激做出响应的纳米级材料。DNA自组装是构建具有精确结构的智能纳米材料的有效途径,功能多样,应用广泛。其中,静态结构,如DNA多面体,DNA纳米笼和DNA水凝胶,以及催化发夹反应等动态反应,杂交链式反应和滚环扩增,可以作为构建智能纳米材料的基础。由于DNA的优势,如良好的生物相容性,简单合成,合理的设计,稳定性好,这些材料在制药和生物学领域引起了越来越多的关注。根据他们的具体响应设计,DNA自组装智能纳米材料可以提供多种药物,包括小分子,核酸,蛋白质和其他药物;它们在增强细胞摄取中起重要作用,抵抗酶降解,控制药物释放,等等。本文综述了DNA自组装智能纳米材料的不同组装方法,基于各种智能反应的治疗策略,以及它们在药物输送中的应用。最后,总结了基于DNA自组装的智能纳米材料的机遇和挑战。
Smart nanomaterials are nano-scaled materials that respond in a controllable and reversible way to external physical or chemical stimuli. DNA self-assembly is an effective way to construct smart nanomaterials with precise structure, diverse functions and wide applications. Among them, static structures such as DNA polyhedron, DNA nanocages and DNA hydrogels, as well as dynamic reactions such as catalytic hairpin reaction, hybridization chain reaction and rolling circle amplification, can serve as the basis for building smart nanomaterials. Due to the advantages of DNA, such as good biocompatibility, simple synthesis, rational design, and good stability, these materials have attracted increasing attention in the fields of pharmaceuticals and biology. Based on their specific response design, DNA self-assembled smart nanomaterials can deliver a variety of drugs, including small molecules, nucleic acids, proteins and other drugs; and they play important roles in enhancing cellular uptake, resisting enzymatic degradation, controlling drug release, and so on. This review focuses on different assembly methods of DNA self-assembled smart nanomaterials, therapeutic strategies based on various intelligent responses, and their applications in drug delivery. Finally, the opportunities and challenges of smart nanomaterials based on DNA self-assembly are summarized.