胆石症是消化系统的常见疾病。胆石症的危险因素已在已发表的文献中多次报道和总结,主要集中在横断面研究上。由于研究设计的固有局限性,报告的结果仍需要在其他纵向研究中进行验证.此外,近年来发现了许多新的胆石症危险因素,比如减肥手术,乙型肝炎病毒感染,丙型肝炎病毒感染,肾结石,结肠切除术,骨质疏松,等。这些新发现尚未包含在已发表的评论中。在这里,我们回顾了101个胆石症相关的危险因素,通过基于纵向调查的研究,包括队列研究,随机对照试验,和嵌套病例对照研究。与胆石症发病机制相关的危险因素分为不可改变和可改变的因素。不可改变的因素包括年龄,性别,种族,和家族史,而可改变的因素包括37个生物环境因素,25个社会环境因素,和35个理化环境因素。本研究为胆石症发病机制的研究提供了深入全面的思路,为确定高危人群和制定相关预防策略提供依据。
Cholelithiasis is a common disease of the digestive system. The risk factors for
cholelithiasis have been reported and summarized many times in the published literature, which primarily focused on cross-sectional studies. Due to the inherent limitations of the study design, the reported findings still need to be validated in additional longitudinal studies. Moreover, a number of new risk factors for
cholelithiasis have been identified in recent years, such as bariatric surgery, hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis C virus infection, kidney stones, colectomy, osteoporosis, etc. These new findings have not yet been included in published reviews. Herein, we reviewed the 101
cholelithiasis-associated risk factors identified through research based on longitudinal investigations, including cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, and nested case control studies. The risk factors associated with the pathogenesis of
cholelithiasis were categorized as unmodifiable and modifiable factors. The unmodifiable factors consist of age, sex, race, and family history, while the modifiable factors include 37 biological environmental factors, 25 socioenvironmental factors, and 35 physiochemical environmental factors. This study provides thorough and comprehensive ideas for research concerning the pathogenesis of cholelithiasis, supplying the basis for identifying high-risk groups and formulating relevant prevention strategies.