■人参是一种用于治疗心血管疾病(CVD)的传统中草药,目前仍被广泛用于改善各种心血管疾病的临床症状。然而,目前缺乏对人参发挥其心血管保护作用的机制的总结和分析。本文就人参及其有效成分降低CVD损伤的体内外药理研究作一综述。
目的:本文综述了人参及其活性成分在心血管疾病研究中的最新文献,旨在全面深入地了解人参的心血管保护机制,并为心血管疾病的治疗提供新的思路,以及优化人参的临床应用。
方法:利用中药分子机制生物信息学分析工具(BATMAN-TCM)富集途径和生物学术语。文献检索基于PubMed等电子数据库,ScienceDirect,Scopus,CNKI,搜索期为2002-2023年。搜索词包括人参,人参成分,人参皂苷,人参多糖,人参糖蛋白,人参挥发油,CVD,心,和心脏。
结果:132篇文章最终被纳入综述。人参中具有心血管保护作用的成分主要是人参皂苷(尤其是人参皂苷Rb1)。人参皂苷对心血管疾病如缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用,动脉粥样硬化和心力衰竭主要通过改善能量代谢,抑制过度自噬,抗氧化剂,抗炎和促进外泌体分泌。
结论:人参及其活性成分在保护心血管疾病方面改善心肌能量代谢重塑的作用尤为显著。AMPK和PPAR信号通路是人参产生多种心血管保护机制的关键靶点。胞外囊泡和纳米颗粒作为载体是优化人参及其活性成分生物利用度的潜在递送途径。
UNASSIGNED: Panax ginseng is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine used to treat cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and it is still widely used to improve the clinical symptoms of various CVDs. However, there is currently a lack of summary and analysis on the mechanism of Panax ginseng exerts its cardiovascular protective effects. This article provides a review of in vivo and in vitro pharmacological studies on Panax ginseng and its active ingredients in reducing CVDs damage.
OBJECTIVE: This review summarized the latest literature on Panax ginseng and its active ingredients in CVDs research, aiming to have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the cardiovascular protection mechanism of Panax ginseng, and to provide new ideas for the treatment of CVDs, as well as to optimize the clinical application of Panax ginseng.
METHODS: Enrichment of pathways and biological terms using the traditional Chinese medicine molecular mechanism bioinformatics analysis tool (BATMAN-TCM). The literature search is based on electronic databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, CNKI, with a search period of 2002-2023. The search terms include Panax ginseng, Panax ginseng ingredients, ginsenosides, ginseng polysaccharides, ginseng glycoproteins, ginseng volatile oil, CVDs, heart, and cardiac.
RESULTS: 132 articles were ultimately included in the review. The ingredients in Panax ginseng that manifested cardiovascular protective effects are mainly ginsenosides (especially ginsenoside Rb1). Ginsenosides protected against CVDs such as ischemic reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis and heart failure mainly through improving energy metabolism, inhibiting hyper-autophagy, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and promoting secretion of exosomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Panax ginseng and its active ingredients have a particularly prominent effect on improving myocardial energy metabolism remodeling in protecting against CVDs. The AMPK and PPAR signaling pathways are the key targets through which Panax ginseng produces multiple mechanisms of cardiovascular protection. Extracellular vesicles and nanoparticles as carriers are potential delivery ways for optimizing the bioavailability of Panax ginseng and its active ingredients.