牛奶水牛通常被喂食高饲料,低质量饮食与高纤维。这些条件导致固有的能量和蛋白质效率低下。为了充分合理利用饲料资源,提高奶牛的生产水平和养殖效益,各种粗饲料对养分消化率的影响,瘤胃发酵参数,本实验研究了牛奶水牛中的微生物。三种三元杂交水牛,平均体重为365±22.1公斤,选择并安装永久性瘤胃瘘。他们吃了六种不同的饮食,每个由1公斤浓缩补充剂和六种粗饲料中的一种组成,包括苜蓿干草(饮食),燕麦干草(O饮食),全玉米青贮(W饮食),王草(K饮食),甘蔗芽青贮(S饮食),和稻草干草(R饮食),分别根据3×6的不完整拉丁正方形设计。每个时期的预喂养期为12d。从第13天到第15天为正式实验期。在预喂养期间,确定了每个粗饲料的自由采食量,在实验过程中,粗饲料以90%的自愿采食量喂养。采用总粪肥收集法进行消化代谢试验,确定每头水牛的采食量和排泄量,并收集饲料和粪便样本进行化学分析。在第15天,在早晨饲喂后两小时收集瘤胃液样品以确定瘤胃发酵参数,并进行细菌16SrRNA高通量测序。结果表明,W日粮的DM和OM消化率最高,S日粮最低。O日粮的瘤胃pH显著年夜于W日粮。瘤胃液NH3-N浓度(mg/dL)随CP含量的增加而增加。瘤胃中总挥发性脂肪酸浓度(mmol/L)随NDF含量的增加而降低,但随NFC含量的增加而增加。拟杆菌的相对丰度,Firmicutes,螺旋藻为57.03-74.84%,14.29-21.86%,不同质量粗饲料组的比例为0.44-1.43%。拟杆菌主要为Prevotellace1和RikenellaceaeRC_gut_组,相对丰度为30.17-45.75%和3.23-7.82%。随着粗饲料质量的增加,Patescibacial和Spirochaetes的相对丰度降低。这些结果为评价奶牛水牛饲料的营养价值提供了理论和实践依据。利用饲料资源,匹配口粮,科学喂养,保护动物健康。
Dairy
buffaloes are typically fed a high-forage, low-quality diet with high fiber. These conditions result in an inherent energy and protein inefficiency. In order to make full and rational use of feed resources and improve the production level and breeding efficiency of dairy
buffaloes, the effects of various roughages on nutrient digestibility, ruminal fermentation parameters, and microorganisms in dairy
buffaloes were studied in this experiment. Three ternary hybrid
buffaloes, with an average body weight of 365 ± 22.1 kg, were selected and fitted with permanent rumen fistulas. They were fed six different diets, each consisting of 1 kg concentrate supplement and one of six types of roughage, including alfalfa hay (A diet), oat hay (O diet), whole corn silage (W diet), king grass (K diet), sugarcane shoot silage (S diet), and rice straw hay (R diet) according to an incomplete Latin square design of 3 × 6, respectively. The pre-feeding period of each period was 12 d. From day 13 to 15 was the official experimental period. During the prefeeding period, free feed intake for each roughage was determined, and during the experiment, the roughage was fed at 90% of the voluntary feed intake. Digestion and metabolism tests were carried out using the total manure collection method to determine the feed intake and fecal output of each buffalo, and to collect feed and fecal samples for chemical analysis. On day 15, rumen fluid samples were collected two hours after morning feeding to determine rumen fermentation parameters and bacterial 16 S rRNA high-throughput sequencing was performed. The results showed that DM and OM digestibility were greatest for the W diet and lowest for the S diet. The rumen pH of the O diet was significantly greater than that of the W diet. The concentration of rumen fluid NH3-N (mg/dL) increased with increased CP content. The concentration of total volatile fatty acids (mmol/L) in the rumen decreased with increased NDF content but increased with increased NFC content. The relative abundances of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Spirochaetes were 57.03-74.84%, 14.29-21.86%, and 0.44-1.43% in the different quality roughage groups. Bacteroidetes were mainly Prevotellaceae1 and Rikenellaceae RC_gut_group with relative abundances of 30.17-45.75% and 3.23-7.82%. The relative abundance of Patescibacteria and Spirochaetes decreased with increasing roughage quality. These results provide a theoretical and practical basis for evaluating the nutritional value of dairy buffalo feed, utilizing feed resources, matching rations, feeding scientifically, and protecting animal health.