OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the relative risk of risk factor in male and female breast cancer (BC) deaths in China and analyzed the changing trends in BC mortality rates from 1990 to 2019.
METHODS: Open data from the Global Burden of Disease database from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed to assess the number of BC deaths and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMR) in China. The age-period-cohort model was employed to study age effects, period effects, cohort effects, as well as local drift and net drift of the data, determining the impact of changing risk factors on crude mortality rates and ASMR of BC.
RESULTS: In 2019, the number of BC deaths across all age groups in China increased by 130.38% compared to 1990, with an increase of 125.68% in females and 648.80% in males. The ASMR for BC and male BC increased in 2019, while female BC ASMR declined. Overall, alcohol consumption and smoking as risk factors contributed to increased mortality rates of BC with advancing age. Over the entire study period, the net drift of alcohol consumption in females for BC was 0.06% (95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.24% to 0.36%), while for smoking it was -0.64% (95% CI: -0.83% to -0.45%). For males, the net drift of alcohol consumption for BC was 6.75% (95% CI: 5.55% to 7.96%), and for smoking, it was 6.09% (95% CI: 2.66% to 9.64%).
CONCLUSIONS: Hence, improving awareness of BC-related risk factors and implementing prevention strategies are necessary to alleviate future BC burdens.

BACKGROUND: Male breast cancer constitutes a minority of breast cancer diagnoses, yet its incidence has been on the rise in recent decades. However, elderly male breast cancer patients have been inadequately represented in clinical trials, posing challenges in treatment decisions. This study seeks to clarify the efficacy of chemotherapy in this demographic and identify the population most likely to benefit from such intervention.
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database, encompassing a total of 1900 male breast cancer patients aged 70 years or older. Among them, 1652 were categorized in the no-chemotherapy group, while 248 were in the chemotherapy group. A multifactorial logistic regression model was employed to investigate the determinants influencing the administration of chemotherapy in elderly male breast cancer patients. Additionally, the multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to identify factors associated with outcomes, with overall survival (OS) as the primary endpoint.
RESULTS: Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that grade, tumor size, and nodal status were robust predictors for elderly male breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis demonstrated that chemotherapy conferred benefits compared to the no-chemotherapy group (HR = 0.822, 95% CI: 0.682-0.991, p = 0.040). Stratified analyses indicated that individuals with N+, poorly/undifferentiated grade, and stage II/III disease could derive benefits from chemotherapy. Upon further investigation of progesterone receptor (PR) positive patients, it was found that only stage III patients experienced significant benefits from chemotherapy (HR = 0.571, 95% CI: 0.372-0.875, p = 0.010). Conversely, in PR negative patients, both stage II (HR = 0.201, 95% CI: 0.051-0.792, p = 0.022) and stage III patients (HR = 0.242, 95% CI: 0.060-0.972, p = 0.046) derived benefits from chemotherapy.
CONCLUSIONS: Adjuvant chemotherapy may benefit certain elderly male breast cancer patients, specifically those with positive lymph node status, poorly/undifferentiated grade, and PR-positive in stage III, as well as PR-negative expression in stage II/III. Given favorable physical tolerance, it is advisable not to hastily dismiss chemotherapy for these elderly male breast cancer patients.

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BACKGROUND: The experiences, physical and mental health and needs of women with breast cancer have been studied in some detail, but there is a lack of discussion of the experiences of stakeholder groups such as men with breast cancer, partners and carers and healthcare professionals. The aim of this study was to explore and understand the experiences and perceptions of male breast cancer stakeholders from diagnosis through to survivorship.
METHODS: We conducted a thematic review of qualitative studies included in a large published scoping review on male breast cancer (reported under the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews extension). To be included in a qualitative evidence review, studies had to use qualitative methods for data collection and analysis to capture the perspectives of men with breast cancer, partners or caregivers, and healthcare workers. Key characteristics and findings were extracted and a conceptual coding framework was summarized using thematic analysis.
RESULTS: Out of a total of 310 studies in the research literature (published research articles and gray literature), 15 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies reported on the experiences of men with breast cancer, partners or caregivers, and healthcare workers, with participant numbers ranging from 2 to 31. A total of 17 descriptive themes (study outcomes) were identified. From these, four high-level analytic themes emerged: (1) Predicament; (2) Emotion; (3) Support; (4) Coping.
CONCLUSIONS: The gender stigma that exists at the patient, healthcare system, and family-society levels largely influences the experiences of the male breast cancer stakeholder population. To address gender inequalities in breast cancer care, healthcare organizations and society at large should remain equally attentive to the needs of male and female breast cancer patients. These needs include reducing healthcare and social stigma, providing gender-specific information and emotional support, and access to support groups.

BACKGROUND: Men with breast cancer experience unique physical and emotional challenges. However, a thorough understanding of these experiences including the psychosocial effects and supportive care needs have received less attention. In some settings, men with breast cancer experience stigma within the healthcare system and their care needs are not prioritised. This influences the level of professional support offered, consequently worsening their health and well-being outcomes. This review explored the variabilities in the experiences and treatment modalities of male breast cancer (MBC) across different contexts.
METHODS: All primary study designs including qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies that reported on the experiences, treatment approaches and outcomes of MBC were included in this systematic review. Six databases (Embase, Medline, PsycINFO, Global Health, CINAHL and Web of Science) were searched for articles from January 2000 to September 2023. A results-based convergence synthesis was used for data analysis and reported using PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS: Of the studies screened (n = 29,687), forty-four fulfilled the predetermined criteria and were included. Our findings relating to the experiences and treatment approaches of MBC are broadly themed into three parts. Theme 1-Navigating through a threat to masculinity: describes how males experienced the illness reflecting on detection, diagnosis, coming to terms with breast cancer, and disclosure. Theme 2- Navigating through treatment: captures the experiences of undergoing breast cancer treatment/ management following their diagnosis. Theme 3-Coping and support systems: describes how MBC patients coped with the disease, treatment process, aftercare/rehabilitative care, and the available support structures.
CONCLUSIONS: Men experience a myriad of issues following a breast cancer diagnosis, especially with their masculinity. Awareness creation efforts of MBC among the public and healthcare practitioners are urgently required, which could change the perception of men in promoting early diagnosis, adherence to treatments, post-treatment monitoring, oncological results and a better quality of life. Considerations for training, education and development of specialised guidelines for healthcare practitioners on MBC would provide the necessary knowledge and skills to enhance their practice through the adoption of person-centred and male-specific care strategies. Professional care intervention and support for MBC should not end after the diagnosis phase but should extend to the entire treatment continuum and aftercare including future research focusing on MBC specific clinical trials.
BACKGROUND: PROSPERO Registration No. CRD42021228778.

BACKGROUND: Encapsulated papillary carcinoma (EPC) is a rare subset of breast carcinoma accounting for 0.5% to 2.0% of all patients with breast cancer and occuring mostly in postmenopausal women. It is even rarer in male breast cancer, and male EPC has only been reported in few cases. EPC has a distinctive histological pattern and a better prognosis compared with other types of breast carcinoma. Compared to the previously reported EPC cases, the lesion was unusually cystic made the diagnosis challenging. Accordingly, herein, we describe a rare case of EPC was unusually cystic in an elder male breast, associated with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), along with an indepth literature discussion, and then to improve our understanding more about this uncommon tumor and further to provide more experience to treat this disease.
METHODS: A 73-year-old man noticed a slowly enlarging mass in the right breast 1 year ago and sought medical attention. The patient presented with a right breast mass of 1-year duration and bloody nipple discharge in the first couple of days. The medical history was unremarkable.
METHODS: Physical examination, an elastic hard, smooth and movable 4-cm lesion was palpated below the right papilla. On the sonography, a well-defined predominantly cystic-solid tumor of 3.6 × 2.3 cm was confirmed. Postoperative pathological and immunohistochemical examinations of the surgical specimens revealed a final diagnosis of breast EPC with DCIS.
METHODS: The patient underwent surgery. A diagnosis of \"a little papillary neoplasm of the breast with epithelial atypia and hypertrophy in the fibrous cystic wall\" was made by the frozen section. Further, total mastectomy was performed.
RESULTS: The operation was successful. Then the male patient recovered completely, did not require any additional treatment and continued to do well on postsurgical mammary surgical clinic visits. The patient had been followed-up regularly for 2 years after surgery; he did not experience any complications and remained disease-free.

Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare but aggressive malignancy with cellular and immunological characteristics that remain unclear. Here, we perform transcriptomic analysis for 111,038 single cells from tumor tissues of six MBC and thirteen female breast cancer (FBC) patients. We find that that MBC has significantly lower infiltration of T cells relative to FBC. Metastasis-related programs are more active in cancer cells from MBC. The activated fatty acid metabolism involved with FASN is related to cancer cell metastasis and low immune infiltration of MBC. T cells in MBC show activation of p38 MAPK and lipid oxidation pathways, indicating a dysfunctional state. In contrast, T cells in FBC exhibit higher expression of cytotoxic markers and immune activation pathways mediated by immune-modulatory cytokines. Moreover, we identify the inhibitory interactions between cancer cells and T cells in MBC. Our study provides important information for understanding the tumor immunology and metabolism of MBC.

Male breast cancer (MBC) accounts for 0.5%-1% of all breast cancers diagnosed worldwide. However, its biological characteristics can be distinguished from that of female breast cancer (FBC).
The diagnostic and treatment approaches for MBC are mainly similar to that of FBC due to the lack of male breast cancer-related studies, clinical trials, and literature. An increasing number of retrospective and prospective studies have been conducted to clarify the individualized care for MBC. Herein, we report three cases of advanced MBC to describe the diagnostic approaches, treatment process, and survival prognosis.
MBC patients had older age, later stage at first diagnosis, higher expression of hormone receptors, and poor prognosis. A literature review was conducted to determine the incidence, risk factors, disease features, diagnosis, treatment, survival, and management of MBC.

To analyze and compare the clinicopathological characteristics of male breast cancer (MBC) among Chinese patients and those from East Asia and other regions. Clinicopathological data from 3 kinds of data sources, including 31 MBC patients in Jiangsu Provincial Hospital (JPH) from 2014 to 2021 in China, 20 literature data on East Asian MBC patients from 2014 to 2021, and 3102 MBC patients registered in the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database from 2014 to 2019, were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The average ages of first-diagnosis MBC patients in JPH and East Asian patients were 59.7 and 62.3 years old, respectively, which were younger than those of SEER patients (66.5 years old). Between East Asian and SEER patients, the status or rates of main breast cancer type, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, breast subtype, and TNM stage were relatively close, and their differences were not statistically significant (P > .05). Differences were observed in chemotherapy, surgery, pathological grade, and lymph node positivity (P < .01). Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was observed between the JPH and East Asian patients (all P > .05). In JPH and SEER, linear regression relationships were observed between the lymph node positivity rate, tumor size, and histological grade. JPH and East Asian MBC patients were younger than SEER patients. Between East Asian and SEER patients, the status of the main breast cancer type, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, breast subtype, and TNM stage were similar, but there were differences in chemotherapy, surgery, pathological grade, and lymph node positivity. The findings of this study should prove to be helpful to deepen our understanding of East Asian MBC.

BACKGROUND: Male secretory breast cancer is a rare, low-grade carcinoma, especially in boys. Due to its rarity, not much is known about this disease.
METHODS: A 5-year-old boy presented with a 1.4 cm painless mass in the right breast.
METHODS: Ultrasonography could not distinguish whether the breast tumor was benign or malignant. After a biopsy of the lumpectomy specimen, it was diagnosed to be secretory breast carcinoma.
METHODS: The patient underwent a modified radical mastectomy for his right breast. No postoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy was performed. Next-generation sequencing of 211 cancer-related genes was detected, and the results revealed an ETV6-NTRK3 translocation and a PDGFRB c.2632A > G mutation. None of the most commonly altered molecules in male aggressive breast cancer (such as BRCA1-2, TP53, RAD51C, and RAD51D mutations) has been identified.
RESULTS: The patient was still free from local recurrence or metastases at 6-month follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS: The genomic profile of male pediatric SCB is relatively simple, no other known driver genes have been found except for the ETV6-NTRK3 fusion. Our report will improve our understanding of secretory breast cancer.