二甲苯是一种环状烃,和环境污染物。它也用于染料,油漆,抛光,医疗技术和不同行业作为溶剂。二甲苯很容易蒸发,并被阳光分解为其他无害的化学物质。本综述的目的是收集二甲苯毒性的证据,与非癌症健康危害有关,以及提供可能的有效测量以最小化其风险比。对于当前的研究,对包括PubMed在内的250多篇科学数据的同行评审论文进行了书目搜索,关于二甲苯的谷歌学者已经完成了。但包括了大约130篇与二甲苯相关的同行评审论文(图1(图。1))。所有科学数据都用“二甲苯毒性”的关键词进行了审查,“二甲苯对健康的毒性影响”,“环境挥发性有机化合物”,“人类暴露于二甲苯”,“实验室工作人员的二甲苯中毒”,“二甲苯与其他碳氢化合物的影响”,“选定碳氢化合物的神经毒性”,和“特定二甲苯异构体对动物的毒性作用”。根据这些研究,二甲苯作为石化行业的逃逸排放物释放到大气中,火,香烟,从不同的车辆。短期接触混合二甲苯或其单独的异构体会刺激鼻子,眼睛和喉咙随后导致神经系统,胃肠道和生殖有害影响。此外,长期接触二甲苯可能会对呼吸系统产生有害影响,中枢神经系统,心血管系统,和肾脏系统。二甲苯的健康问题在动物和人类中有很好的记载。改善卫生政策很重要,开展与二甲苯相关的健康和毒性宣传活动,摆脱其危险的结果。慢性病已成为全球范围内对人类的威胁,在地区特别突出,二甲苯与其他化学品(苯,甲苯等.)特别是在石油和橡胶工业中。内分泌系统的毒性和相互作用机制是对人类健康的主要威胁。
Xylene is a cyclic hydrocarbon, and an environmental pollutant. It is also used in dyes, paints, polishes, medical technology and different industries as a solvent.
Xylene easily vaporizes and divides by sunlight into other harmless chemicals. The aim of the present
review is to collect the evidence of the
xylene toxicity, related to non-cancerous health hazards, as well as to provide possible effective measurement to minimize its risk ratio. For current study a bibliographic search of more than 250 peer-reviewed papers in scientific data including PubMed, and Google Scholar about xylene was done. But approximately 130 peer-reviewed papers relevant to xylene were included (Figure 1(Fig. 1)). All scientific data was reviewed with key words of \"
xylene toxicity\", \"
xylene toxic health effects\", \"environmental volatile organic compounds\", \"human exposure to
xylene\", \"
xylene poisoning in laboratory workers\", \"effects of xylene along with other hydrocarbons\", \"neurotoxicity of selected hydrocarbons\", and \"toxic effects of particular xylene isomers in animals\". According to these studies, xylene is released into the atmosphere as fugitive emissions from petrochemical industries, fire, cigarette, from different vehicles. Short term exposure to mixed xylene or their individual isomers result in irritation of the nose, eyes and throat subsequently leading toward neurological, gastrointestinal and reproductive harmful effects. In addition long term exposure to xylene may cause hazardous effects on respiratory system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and renal system. The health concerns of xylene are well documented in animals and human. It is important to improve health policies, launch xylene related health and toxicity awareness campaigns, to get rid of its dangerous outcomes. Chronic diseases have become a threat to human globally, with special prominence in regions, where xylene is used with other chemicals (benzene, toluene etc.) especially in petroleum and rubber industry. The mechanism of toxicity and interactions with endocrine system should be followed up which is the main threat to human health.