Esketamine是非选择性的,脑中N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸(NMDA)受体的竞争性拮抗剂。通过NMDA受体拮抗作用,艾氯胺酮导致谷氨酸释放的短暂增加,导致神经营养信号的增加和与情绪调节和情绪行为有关的大脑区域的突触功能的恢复。几项随机临床试验表明,它可以有效减轻某些人的抑郁症状,尽管它的短期副作用主要包括迷失方向,头晕,恶心,血压升高。2019年,美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)和欧洲药品管理局批准使用艾氯胺酮鼻喷雾剂与口服抗抑郁药联合治疗成人难治性抑郁症。我们的研究目的是评估这一新的治疗方案的有效性,在一个病例系列的五个希腊患者治疗抵抗抑郁症。鼻内氯胺酮在医疗监督下与口服抗抑郁药联合使用。在三个时间点评估抑郁症状(基线,治疗结束,和治疗后一年)使用蒙哥马利-奥斯贝格抑郁量表(MADRS),患者健康问卷(PHQ-9),CGI临床总体印象量表,和抑郁症感知赤字问卷(PDQ-D)。使用里士满抑制躁动量表(RASS)评估可能的副作用,Sheehan残疾量表(SDS),CADSS破坏性状态量表,以及预定义的不良事件(AE)和严重不良事件(SAE)列表。患者遵循7至12个月的个性化治疗计划,这取决于是否达到了足够的反应。结果的统计学分析揭示了在所有使用的量表上的显著改善(p<0.05)。所有参与者在12个月后的随访中保持了他们的改善水平。发现不良反应是温和且可耐受的。值得注意的是,仅有两名合并人格障碍的患者报告了明显的副作用。结果,尽管仅限于少量样本,表明艾氯胺酮对难治性抑郁症患者抑郁症状稳定减轻的积极作用,即使在完成治疗后。
Esketamine is a non-selective, competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor in the brain. Through NMDA receptor antagonism, esketamine causes a transient increase in glutamate release, leading to increases in neurotrophic signaling and restoration of synaptic function in brain regions involved in mood regulation and emotional behavior. Several randomized clinical trials have shown its effectiveness in reducing the symptoms of depression in some people, despite its short-term side effects that include mainly disorientation, dizziness, nausea, and increased blood pressure. In 2019, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as well as the European Medicines Agency approved the use of esketamine nasal spray in combination with an oral antidepressant for treatment-resistant depression in adults. Our study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of this new therapeutic proposal in a
case series of five Greek patients with treatment- resistant depression. Intranasal esketamine was administered under medical supervision in combination with an oral antidepressant. Depressive symptoms were evaluated at three time points (baseline, end of treatment, and one-year post-treatment) using the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the CGI Clinical Global Impression Scale, and the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire for Depression (PDQ-D). Possible side effects were assessed using the Richmond Suppression Agitation Scale (RASS), the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS), the CADSS Disruptive States Scale, and a predefined list of adverse events (AEs) and serious adverse events (SAEs). Patients followed an individualized treatment plan for seven to twelve months depending on the achievement of an adequate response. Statistical analysis of the results revealed a significant improvement (p<0.05) on all scales used. All participants maintained their level of improvement at follow-up after twelve months. Adverse effects were found to be mild and tolerable. It is worth noting that significant side effects were reported only by the two patients with comorbid personality disorder. The results, despite limited to a small sample, indicate the positive effect of esketamine on the stable reduction of depressive symptoms among patients with resistant depression, even after the completion of treatment.